Ketone bodies are small compounds derived from fatty acids that behave as an alternative mitochondrial energy source when insulin levels are low, such as during fasting or strenuous exercise. In addition to the metabolic function of ketone bodies, they also have several signalling functions separate from energy production. In this perspective, we review the main current data referring to ketone bodies in correlation with nutrition and metabolic pathways as well as to the signalling functions and the potential impact on clinical conditions. Data were selected following eligibility criteria according to the reviewed topic. We used a set of electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WOS), Cochrane Library) for a systematic search until July 2022 using MeSH keywords/terms (i.e., ketone bodies, BHB, acetoacetate, inflammation, antioxidant, etc.). The literature data reported in this review need confirmation with consistent clinical trials that might validate the results obtained in in vitro and in vivo in animal models. However, the data on exogenous ketone consumption and the effect on the ketone bodies' brain uptake and metabolism might spur the research to define the acute and chronic effects of ketone bodies in humans and pursue the possible implication in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Therefore, additional studies are required to examine the potential systemic and metabolic consequences of ketone bodies.
I corpi chetonici sono piccoli composti derivati dagli acidi grassi che fungono da fonte energetica mitocondriale alternativa quando i livelli di insulina sono bassi, come durante il digiuno o l'esercizio fisico intenso. Oltre alla loro funzione metabolica, i corpi chetonici svolgono anche diverse funzioni di segnalazione indipendenti dalla produzione di energia. In questa prospettiva, passiamo in rassegna i principali dati attuali relativi ai corpi chetonici in correlazione con la nutrizione e i percorsi metabolici, nonché le loro funzioni di segnalazione e il potenziale impatto sulle condizioni cliniche. I dati sono stati selezionati seguendo criteri di eleggibilità in base all'argomento esaminato. Abbiamo utilizzato un insieme di database elettronici (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WOS), Cochrane Library) per una ricerca sistematica fino a luglio 2022, utilizzando parole chiave/termini MeSH (ad es. corpi chetonici, BHB, acetoacetato, infiammazione, antiossidante, ecc.). I dati riportati in questa revisione necessitano di conferma attraverso studi clinici solidi che possano validare i risultati ottenuti in vitro e in vivo su modelli animali. Tuttavia, i dati sul consumo di chetoni esogeni e il loro effetto sull'assorbimento cerebrale e sul metabolismo dei corpi chetonici potrebbero incentivare la ricerca per definire gli effetti acuti e cronici dei corpi chetonici nell'uomo e approfondire le possibili implicazioni nella prevenzione e nel trattamento delle malattie umane. Pertanto, sono necessari ulteriori studi per esaminare le potenziali conseguenze sistemiche e metaboliche dei corpi chetonici.
Studies on Ketone Bodies DAG-MAG BHB
NAGAMANI DILLIRAJ, LATHA
2025
Abstract
Ketone bodies are small compounds derived from fatty acids that behave as an alternative mitochondrial energy source when insulin levels are low, such as during fasting or strenuous exercise. In addition to the metabolic function of ketone bodies, they also have several signalling functions separate from energy production. In this perspective, we review the main current data referring to ketone bodies in correlation with nutrition and metabolic pathways as well as to the signalling functions and the potential impact on clinical conditions. Data were selected following eligibility criteria according to the reviewed topic. We used a set of electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WOS), Cochrane Library) for a systematic search until July 2022 using MeSH keywords/terms (i.e., ketone bodies, BHB, acetoacetate, inflammation, antioxidant, etc.). The literature data reported in this review need confirmation with consistent clinical trials that might validate the results obtained in in vitro and in vivo in animal models. However, the data on exogenous ketone consumption and the effect on the ketone bodies' brain uptake and metabolism might spur the research to define the acute and chronic effects of ketone bodies in humans and pursue the possible implication in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Therefore, additional studies are required to examine the potential systemic and metabolic consequences of ketone bodies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/220363
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFE-220363