This research explores the representation of the vagabond in France during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, examining its role in the collective imaginary and in the formation of policies of social control. The aim of this study is to trace the evolution of the French political and cultural conception of vagrancy during a period of profound transformation spanning from the end of the Ancien Régime through the upheavals of the Revolution, Napoleonic rule, the Restoration, and up to the July Monarchy. The title of the thesis, ‘la lime sourde’, refers to a metaphor employed as early as the 18th century to describe phenomena that bring about gradual and inexorable change in society, such as the spread of poverty, as depicted in Villamblain's cahier de doléances. According to this perspective, begging - and by extension vagrancy, which was seen as its most dangerous expression - was perceived not merely as an economic or public order issue, but as a deeply rooted menace that undermined the very fabric of French society. Vagrancy was therefore perceived as an insidious threat, capable of eroding the social order. From this conception and imaginary stems the title of the present work.The study adopts an integrated approach, combining the analysis of legislative and administrative sources with that of journalistic, literary and artistic production, to provide a comprehensive overview of the symbolic construction of vagrancy, without separating the latter from the political and cultural milieu in which it evolved.The decision to focus on the period from the end of the Ancien Régime to the July Monarchy reflects the need to assess the extent to which the Revolution, the Empire and the Restoration altered the perception of vagrancy. This thesis addresses two key questions: firstly, given that the crime of vagrancy was legally codified during this period, what political, social and cultural reasons and objectives contributed to its legislative definition? Secondly, did this turbulent half-century represent a moment of rupture or continuity in the representation of the vagrant as a figure associated with misery, deviance and crime?
Questa ricerca si concentra sulla rappresentazione del vagabondo in Francia tra la fine del XVIII e l'inizio del XIX secolo, analizzando il suo ruolo nell’immaginario collettivo e nella costruzione delle politiche di controllo sociale dell’epoca. L'oggetto di questo studio è l’evoluzione dell’immaginario politico e culturale francese nei confronti del vagabondo durante il periodo di profonde trasformazioni che va dalla fine dell'Ancien régime alla Monarchia di luglio, attraversando la metamorfosi rivoluzionarie, la dominazione napoleonica e la Restaurazione.Il titolo della tesi, "la lima silenziosa", riprende la metafora utilizzata nel XVIII secolo per descrivere quei fenomeni che impongono una mutazione progressiva e inesorabile alla società, come la diffusione della miseria nell’interpretazione del "cahier de doléances" di Villamblain. In questa prospettiva, la mendicità e per estensione il vagabondaggio – che ne è la declinazione più minacciosa – non erano percepiti semplicemente come problemi economici o di ordine pubblico, ma come mali profondi che minavano la struttura stessa della società francese. Il vagabondaggio era dunque percepito come una minaccia insidiosa, capace di erodere l’ordine sociale. Da tale concezione e immaginario deriva il titolo della presente ricerca, che si distingue per il suo approccio metodologico integrato, combinando l'esame delle fonti legislative e amministrative con quello della produzione giornalistica, letteraria e artistica al fine di restituire un panorama globale della costruzione simbolica del vagabondaggio senza separarlo dal contesto politico e culturale in cui tale elaborazione ha avuto luogo.La scelta di porre l’accento sul periodo compreso tra il 1764 e il 1832 risponde inoltre alla necessità di confrontarsi con il dibattito storiografico teso a determinare in che misura la Rivoluzione, l'Impero e la Restaurazione abbiano condotto a un cambiamento nella percezione del vagabondaggio. Lo scopo della tesi è quindi di rispondere principalmente a due quesiti. In primo luogo, come veniva concepito giuridicamente il reato di vagabondaggio nel periodo di riferimento, ovvero quali furono le motivazioni e gli scopi politici, sociali e culturali che indussero alla definizione legislativo-giuridica del "vagabondaggio"? Infine, i settant’anni analizzati hanno rappresentato un momento di rottura o di continuità nella rappresentazione del vagabondo come membro del mondo della miseria, della devianza e del crimine?
"La lima silenziosa". Storia politica e culturale del vagabondaggio in Francia dal 1764 al 1832
ESPOSITO, Cesare
2025
Abstract
This research explores the representation of the vagabond in France during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, examining its role in the collective imaginary and in the formation of policies of social control. The aim of this study is to trace the evolution of the French political and cultural conception of vagrancy during a period of profound transformation spanning from the end of the Ancien Régime through the upheavals of the Revolution, Napoleonic rule, the Restoration, and up to the July Monarchy. The title of the thesis, ‘la lime sourde’, refers to a metaphor employed as early as the 18th century to describe phenomena that bring about gradual and inexorable change in society, such as the spread of poverty, as depicted in Villamblain's cahier de doléances. According to this perspective, begging - and by extension vagrancy, which was seen as its most dangerous expression - was perceived not merely as an economic or public order issue, but as a deeply rooted menace that undermined the very fabric of French society. Vagrancy was therefore perceived as an insidious threat, capable of eroding the social order. From this conception and imaginary stems the title of the present work.The study adopts an integrated approach, combining the analysis of legislative and administrative sources with that of journalistic, literary and artistic production, to provide a comprehensive overview of the symbolic construction of vagrancy, without separating the latter from the political and cultural milieu in which it evolved.The decision to focus on the period from the end of the Ancien Régime to the July Monarchy reflects the need to assess the extent to which the Revolution, the Empire and the Restoration altered the perception of vagrancy. This thesis addresses two key questions: firstly, given that the crime of vagrancy was legally codified during this period, what political, social and cultural reasons and objectives contributed to its legislative definition? Secondly, did this turbulent half-century represent a moment of rupture or continuity in the representation of the vagrant as a figure associated with misery, deviance and crime?| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/305854
URN:NBN:IT:SNS-305854