RECUPERO E RIQUALIFICAZIONE AMBIENTALE MEDIANTE CRITERI E TECNICHE NATURALISTICHE

In the within of the techniques of naturalistic engineering, for the requalification and the recovery of degraded sites, it has been carried out a research in the hilly and pedemountain Apennines of Marche, with the aim to characterize which species, included in the dynamic series of the belongings vegetation, can be more suitable for actions of consolidation and protection of the land, thanks to their ability to vegetate and to regenerate themselves. The problem is much more complex here, in the centre-southern hilly and pedemountain territories, rather then in the northern Italy, because the summers, with high temperatures and insufficient rain, constitute a limiting factor for the taking root and the increase of scions and young plants. In order to face this last aspect, the research has been turned to some questions that regards the requalification and the recovery of degraded sites or sites tending to the degradation. For the first aspect (requalification), it has been taken under investigation the thematic of the reforestations to conifers. These plants are particularly frequent in the central Apennine, and are risking, with the time, to be not more a protection for the land, cause of their insufficient renewal; on the other side, native deciduous trees have big difficulties to settle down in the forest. For the second aspect (recovery), numerous degraded areas, belonging to the following kinds, have been examined: disused quarries, landslides, slopes, uncultivated lands. In every kind of the degraded areas above mentioned, numerous geobotanic surveys have been executed, in order to take a census of the present species (trees and shrubs) and in order to estimate their degree of covering. Data elaboration has allowed to select, between the found native species, those that have shown the greater ability to settle down in the several examined degraded areas: different areas, but with in common scarcity or absence of fertile soil and presence of emerging stony materials. The selected species are therefore proposed like †œalive materials†� to use in the actions of requalification and recovery with techniques of naturalistic engineering. Between these species, some have been distinguished for a wider valence and therefore usable for more general aims; for others, instead, it has been found a tight connection with particular situations like for example quarry areas, steep slopes on limestone substrates and thermopile ambience in general; consequently they are used limitedly in those ambient in which they show the greater ability to take root.