This Ph.D. thesis investigates the role of regenerative agriculture practices within the European “Farm to Fork” strategy, aiming to identify resilient and sustainable farming approaches that enhance agroecosystem productivity while mitigating climate change. Through greenhouse, field, and modelling experiments, the research evaluates the effects of different cover crop species—such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.)—grown in pure stands and mixtures, on soil quality parameters, carbon and nitrogen dynamics, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Results demonstrate that cover crops significantly reduce soil nitrate content and N₂O emissions during the growing period, with rye-based systems showing the highest potential for soil organic carbon accumulation and CO₂ sequestration. Hairy vetch, due to its high biomass and nitrogen fixation, improved soil fertility but increased N₂O emissions, highlighting a trade-off between productivity and environmental impact. Modelling with CropSyst confirmed that early sowing enhances canopy development and biomass accumulation for both species. Overall, this research emphasizes that regenerative practices such as cover cropping can maintain competitive yields for maize, soybean, and sunflower, while improving soil health, resource efficiency, and climate resilience in line with the EU’s sustainable agri-food transition.
La presente tesi di dottorato analizza il ruolo delle pratiche di agricoltura rigenerativa all’interno della strategia europea “Farm to Fork”, con l’obiettivo di individuare approcci agricoli resilienti e sostenibili in grado di migliorare la produttività degli agroecosistemi e, al contempo, mitigare i cambiamenti climatici. Attraverso esperimenti in serra, in campo e simulazioni modellistiche, lo studio valuta gli effetti di diverse specie di colture di copertura—come segale (Secale cereale L.), veccia villosa (Vicia villosa Roth) e rafano (Raphanus sativus L.)—coltivate in purezza e in miscuglio, sui parametri di qualità del suolo, sulle dinamiche del carbonio e dell’azoto e sulle emissioni di protossido di azoto (N₂O). I risultati evidenziano che le colture di copertura riducono significativamente i nitrati nel suolo e le emissioni di N₂O durante la fase vegetativa, mentre i sistemi a base di segale mostrano la maggiore capacità di accumulo di carbonio organico e di sequestro di CO₂. La veccia villosa, grazie all’elevata produzione di biomassa e fissazione di azoto, migliora la fertilità del suolo ma aumenta le emissioni di N₂O, evidenziando un compromesso tra produttività e impatto ambientale. Le simulazioni con il modello CropSyst confermano che una semina anticipata favorisce lo sviluppo della copertura e l’accumulo di biomassa per entrambe le specie. In sintesi, la ricerca dimostra che pratiche rigenerative come l’uso di colture di copertura possono garantire rese competitive per mais, soia e girasole, migliorando al contempo la salute del suolo, l’efficienza d’uso delle risorse e la resilienza climatica, in coerenza con la transizione sostenibile promossa dall’Unione Europea.
Regenerative agriculture and Farm to Fork strategy: resilient farming practices towards sustainable competitive agroecosystem
Mortella, Giacomo
2025
Abstract
This Ph.D. thesis investigates the role of regenerative agriculture practices within the European “Farm to Fork” strategy, aiming to identify resilient and sustainable farming approaches that enhance agroecosystem productivity while mitigating climate change. Through greenhouse, field, and modelling experiments, the research evaluates the effects of different cover crop species—such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.)—grown in pure stands and mixtures, on soil quality parameters, carbon and nitrogen dynamics, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Results demonstrate that cover crops significantly reduce soil nitrate content and N₂O emissions during the growing period, with rye-based systems showing the highest potential for soil organic carbon accumulation and CO₂ sequestration. Hairy vetch, due to its high biomass and nitrogen fixation, improved soil fertility but increased N₂O emissions, highlighting a trade-off between productivity and environmental impact. Modelling with CropSyst confirmed that early sowing enhances canopy development and biomass accumulation for both species. Overall, this research emphasizes that regenerative practices such as cover cropping can maintain competitive yields for maize, soybean, and sunflower, while improving soil health, resource efficiency, and climate resilience in line with the EU’s sustainable agri-food transition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/353328
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-353328