In international literature, although there is no definition on which authors agree, the term care leavers refers to young people who leave the care system after having been placed outside their families, either because they have reached the age at which they can do so or because the care system is no longer required to provide them with care and assistance (Stain and Munro, 2008). This phase also coincides with the transition to adulthood, often characterised by a “compressed and accelerated transition” (Stein, 2008) in which care leavers face rapid changes in various areas of life, such as relationships, identity and their life plans (Anghel, 2011). Although international literature (Wade and Dixon, 2006; Daining and DePanfilis, 2007; Sulimani-Aidan et al., 2013; Lukšík and Hargašová, 2018) emphasises the importance of professional support during this phase, research on the phenomenon has only recently developed in Italy, and little exploration has been done on the experiences of young people placed in foster care compared to those in residential communities (Belotti et al., 2021; Pandolfi, 2019). Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to fill this gap by exploring the leaving care pathways of young people placed in foster care in the Veneto Region. The research focuses on the experiences of care leavers, foster carers, families of origin and social workers, with the aim of understanding and exploring the dynamics of the process of leaving the care system. The central question aims to investigate how these paths develop through two further sub-questions that sought to explore the experiences of the various actors involved (care leavers and families) and the point of view and professional experience of social workers with regard to the methods of accompaniment and support provided to care leavers and their families. The research was conducted using a participatory approach (Aldridge, 2015; Folgheraiter, 2018; Panciroli, 2019) in collaboration with a group of co-researchers consisting of two care leavers, two foster carers and two social workers. A qualitative methodology was adopted and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with foster carers, 18 with care leavers and two focus groups with social workers. All the data collected underwent thematic analysis and the results were interpreted in a participatory manner in collaboration with the co-researchers. Based on the results obtained and in light of national and international literature on the subject, the doctoral thesis offers reflections on the experiences of foster carers and care leavers, comparing them with the professional experience and point of view of social workers, highlighting critical issues and strengths, and outlining prospects for improvement and implementation of interventions and policies on leaving care in our country.
Nella letteratura internazionale, sebbene non vi sia una definizione sulla quale gli autori convergano, con l’accezione care leavers ci si riferisce ai ragazzi/e che escono dal sistema di accoglienza, essendo stati collocati fuori famiglia, perché hanno raggiunto l’età in cui possono farlo o perché il sistema di tutela non è più tenuto a garantire loro cure e assistenza (Stain e Munro, 2008). Si tratta di una fase che coincide anche con il processo di transizione alla vita adulta, spesso caratterizzato da una "transizione compressa e accelerata" (Stein, 2008) in cui i care leavers affrontano rapidi cambiamenti in vari ambiti della vita, come le relazioni, l’identità e il loro progetto di vita (Anghel, 2011). Sebbene la letteratura internazionale (Wade e Dixon, 2006; Daining e DePanfilis, 2007; Sulimani-Aidan et al., 2013; Lukšík e Hargašová, 2018) sottolinei l'importanza di un accompagnamento professionale in questa fase, in Italia la ricerca sul fenomeno si è sviluppata in tempi recenti e poco esplorate sono state le esperienze di ragazzi e ragazze collocati in affido eterofamiliare rispetto a quelli in comunità residenziali (Belotti et al., 2021; Pandolfi, 2019). Pertanto, la tesi dottorale si propone di colmare tale lacuna, esplorando i percorsi di leaving care dei giovani collocati in affido eterofamiliare nella Regione Veneto. La ricerca si concentra sulle esperienze di care leavers, affidatari, famiglie di origine e assistenti sociali, con l'obiettivo di comprendere e approfondire le dinamiche del processo di uscita dal sistema di accoglienza. La domanda centrale è volta ad indagare come si sviluppano questi percorsi attraverso due ulteriori sotto-domande che hanno inteso esplorare le esperienze dei diversi attori coinvolti (ragazzi care leavers e famiglie) e il punto di vista e l’esperienza professionale degli assistenti sociali rispetto alle modalità di accompagnamento e supporto rivolte ai care leavers e alle loro famiglie. La ricerca è stata condotta secondo l’approccio partecipativo (Aldridge, 2015; Folgheraiter, 2018; Panciroli, 2019) in collaborazione con un gruppo di co-ricercatori composto da 2 care leavers, 2 affidatari e 2 assistenti sociali. È stata adottata una metodologia qualitativa e sono state realizzate 20 interviste semi-strutturate agli affidatari, 18 ai ragazzi care leavers e due focus group rivolti agli assistenti sociali. Tutti i dati raccolti sono stati sottoposti ad analisi tematica e l’interpretazione dei risultati è avvenuta in modo partecipato in collaborazione con i co-ricercatori. A partire dai risultati ottenuti e alla luce della letteratura nazionale e internazionale sul tema, la tesi dottorale propone delle riflessioni in merito alle esperienze di affidatari e care leavers confrontandole con l’esperienza professionale e il punto di vista degli assistenti sociali, evidenziando elementi di criticità e punti di forza, tracciando prospettive di miglioramento e implementazione degli interventi e delle politiche di leaving care nel nostro Paese.
AFFIDO ETERO-FAMILIARE E TRANSIZIONE ALLA VITA ADULTA. UNA RICERCA PARTECIPATIVA SULLE ESPERIENZE E LE PROSPETTIVE DI LEAVING CASE IN VENETO
Genre Bert, Selene
2025
Abstract
In international literature, although there is no definition on which authors agree, the term care leavers refers to young people who leave the care system after having been placed outside their families, either because they have reached the age at which they can do so or because the care system is no longer required to provide them with care and assistance (Stain and Munro, 2008). This phase also coincides with the transition to adulthood, often characterised by a “compressed and accelerated transition” (Stein, 2008) in which care leavers face rapid changes in various areas of life, such as relationships, identity and their life plans (Anghel, 2011). Although international literature (Wade and Dixon, 2006; Daining and DePanfilis, 2007; Sulimani-Aidan et al., 2013; Lukšík and Hargašová, 2018) emphasises the importance of professional support during this phase, research on the phenomenon has only recently developed in Italy, and little exploration has been done on the experiences of young people placed in foster care compared to those in residential communities (Belotti et al., 2021; Pandolfi, 2019). Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to fill this gap by exploring the leaving care pathways of young people placed in foster care in the Veneto Region. The research focuses on the experiences of care leavers, foster carers, families of origin and social workers, with the aim of understanding and exploring the dynamics of the process of leaving the care system. The central question aims to investigate how these paths develop through two further sub-questions that sought to explore the experiences of the various actors involved (care leavers and families) and the point of view and professional experience of social workers with regard to the methods of accompaniment and support provided to care leavers and their families. The research was conducted using a participatory approach (Aldridge, 2015; Folgheraiter, 2018; Panciroli, 2019) in collaboration with a group of co-researchers consisting of two care leavers, two foster carers and two social workers. A qualitative methodology was adopted and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with foster carers, 18 with care leavers and two focus groups with social workers. All the data collected underwent thematic analysis and the results were interpreted in a participatory manner in collaboration with the co-researchers. Based on the results obtained and in light of national and international literature on the subject, the doctoral thesis offers reflections on the experiences of foster carers and care leavers, comparing them with the professional experience and point of view of social workers, highlighting critical issues and strengths, and outlining prospects for improvement and implementation of interventions and policies on leaving care in our country.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/353335
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-353335