This thesis explores the crucial role of mindful attention and the placebo effect within mind-body mechanisms, utilizing an interdisciplinary approach rooted in the Bayesian model of the mind. It posits that mindful attention and the modulation of expectations can significantly influence psychophysical responses, enhancing well-being and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The work begins by addressing the limitations of Cartesian dualism and adopts a holistic perspective, examining how expectations and mindful awareness can reshape bodily perceptions and the mind-body relationship. The thesis opens with an overview of the placebo and nocebo effects, discussing their clinical relevance and the principles of the Bayesian model. It highlights the interaction between perception and expectations, demonstrating how mindful attention can improve sensory data accuracy and promote positive psychophysical responses. The central objectives include analyzing the role of attention in these effects, exploring mindfulness as a protective factor against stress, and assessing the impact of social factors on mental health in a post-pandemic context. In the results section, the thesis examines how attention influences placebo and nocebo responses, providing evidence that mindful attention can amplify therapeutic effects through expectation recalibration. It also discusses mindfulness as a resilience factor in stressful situations, such as during the pandemic, and its benefits for psychological well-being. Furthermore, it explores the pandemic's impact on social anxiety and caregiving dynamics, emphasizing how expectations shape health perceptions and treatment adherence. The final discussion integrates the conclusions from various chapters, suggesting that mindfulness and the open-label placebo (OLP) can enhance therapeutic outcomes by reducing automatic reactions and improving pain and discomfort management. The thesis concludes by underscoring the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and the need for future longitudinal studies to further investigate the long-term effects of mindfulness and OLP in clinical practice, particularly concerning the ethical use of psychological and clinical resources.
Questa tesi esplora il ruolo cruciale dell’attenzione mindful e dell’effetto placebo all’interno dei meccanismi mente-corpo, adottando un approccio interdisciplinare fondato sul modello bayesiano della mente. Si ipotizza che l’attenzione mindful e la modulazione delle aspettative possano influenzare in modo significativo le risposte psicofisiche, promuovendo il benessere e ottimizzando gli esiti terapeutici. Il lavoro prende avvio dalla messa in discussione dei limiti del dualismo cartesiano e dall’adozione di una prospettiva olistica, esaminando come le aspettative e la consapevolezza mindful possano rimodellare le percezioni corporee e la relazione mente-corpo. La tesi si apre con una panoramica sugli effetti placebo e nocebo, discutendone la rilevanza clinica e i principi fondamentali del modello bayesiano. Viene messa in evidenza l’interazione tra percezione ed aspettative, mostrando come l’attenzione mindful possa migliorare l’accuratezza dei dati sensoriali e favorire risposte psicofisiche positive. Gli obiettivi centrali includono l’analisi del ruolo dell’attenzione in tali effetti, l’esplorazione della mindfulness come fattore protettivo rispetto allo stress e la valutazione dell’impatto dei fattori sociali sulla salute mentale nel contesto post-pandemico. Nella sezione dei risultati, la tesi analizza come l’attenzione influenzi le risposte placebo e nocebo, fornendo evidenze del fatto che l’attenzione mindful possa amplificare gli effetti terapeutici attraverso una ricalibrazione delle aspettative. Viene inoltre discussa la mindfulness come fattore di resilienza in situazioni di stress, come quelle vissute durante la pandemia, e il suo contributo al benessere psicologico. Inoltre, viene esaminato l’impatto della pandemia sull’ansia sociale e sulle dinamiche di caregiving, sottolineando come le aspettative plasmino la percezione della salute e l’aderenza ai trattamenti. La discussione finale integra le conclusioni dei diversi capitoli, suggerendo che la mindfulness e il placebo a etichetta aperta (open-label placebo, OLP) possano migliorare gli esiti terapeutici riducendo le reazioni automatiche e favorendo una migliore gestione del dolore e del disagio. La tesi si conclude evidenziando l’importanza di un approccio interdisciplinare e la necessità di futuri studi longitudinali per approfondire gli effetti a lungo termine della mindfulness e dell’OLP nella pratica clinica, con particolare attenzione all’uso etico delle risorse psicologiche e cliniche.
MINDFUL MODULATION OF ATTENTION IN PLACEBO EFFECTS
Grosso, Francesca
2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the crucial role of mindful attention and the placebo effect within mind-body mechanisms, utilizing an interdisciplinary approach rooted in the Bayesian model of the mind. It posits that mindful attention and the modulation of expectations can significantly influence psychophysical responses, enhancing well-being and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The work begins by addressing the limitations of Cartesian dualism and adopts a holistic perspective, examining how expectations and mindful awareness can reshape bodily perceptions and the mind-body relationship. The thesis opens with an overview of the placebo and nocebo effects, discussing their clinical relevance and the principles of the Bayesian model. It highlights the interaction between perception and expectations, demonstrating how mindful attention can improve sensory data accuracy and promote positive psychophysical responses. The central objectives include analyzing the role of attention in these effects, exploring mindfulness as a protective factor against stress, and assessing the impact of social factors on mental health in a post-pandemic context. In the results section, the thesis examines how attention influences placebo and nocebo responses, providing evidence that mindful attention can amplify therapeutic effects through expectation recalibration. It also discusses mindfulness as a resilience factor in stressful situations, such as during the pandemic, and its benefits for psychological well-being. Furthermore, it explores the pandemic's impact on social anxiety and caregiving dynamics, emphasizing how expectations shape health perceptions and treatment adherence. The final discussion integrates the conclusions from various chapters, suggesting that mindfulness and the open-label placebo (OLP) can enhance therapeutic outcomes by reducing automatic reactions and improving pain and discomfort management. The thesis concludes by underscoring the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and the need for future longitudinal studies to further investigate the long-term effects of mindfulness and OLP in clinical practice, particularly concerning the ethical use of psychological and clinical resources.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/354227
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-354227