Trade has undergone profound transformations over the last few decades, leading to an increasingly interconnected global economy characterised by fragmented production and complex international linkages. The present thesis proposes a micro-founded analysis of the emergence and evolution of international production and trade networks. The focus of this analysis is on how heterogeneous firms form and rewire cross-border linkages in response to asymmetric shocks and policies. The analysis builds on the New-New Trade Theory, incorporating firm-level heterogeneity, financial frictions, and the determinants of firms' boundaries into dynamic agent-based models. In these models, aggregate outcomes emerge from decentralised interactions among boundedly rational agents. The thesis comprises four essays that examine different dimensions of international trade. The first study examines the macro-financial consequences of supply chain disruptions within an economy characterised by interconnected production and credit networks. The second part of the study analyses the formation and evolution of the international trade network in a multi-country setting with heterogeneous firms and financial constraints, emphasising the transmission of financial shocks. The third study investigates the effects of asymmetric climate policies on production networks, carbon leakage, and the role of border adjustment mechanisms in mitigating the economic consequences of carbon taxation. The fourth chapter provides a preliminary empirical, network-based analysis of the environmental policy–trade nexus. The thesis establishes a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework encompassing both micro-level firm behaviour and macroeconomic dynamics. It elucidates the pivotal role of endogenous networks in shaping shock propagation and policy outcomes within a globalised economy.
Il commercio internazionale ha subito profonde trasformazioni negli ultimi decenni, come conseguenza di un'economia globale sempre più interconnessa, caratterizzata dalla frammentazione della produzione e da complesse relazioni internazionali. La presente tesi propone un'analisi microfondata dell'emergere e dell'evolvere delle reti internazionali di produzione e commercio, concentrandosi su come imprese eterogenee formino e riconfigurino i legami internazionali in risposta a shock e politiche asimmetriche. La suddetta analisi, fondata sulla New-New Trade Theory, incorpora l'eterogeneità a livello d'impresa, le frizioni finanziarie e le determinanti delle scelte organizzative aziendali all'interno di modelli ad agenti. In tali modelli, le proprietà macroeconomiche emergono dalle interazioni decentralizzate di agenti dotati di razionalità limitata. La tesi è suddivisa in quattro saggi che analizzano diverse dimensioni del commercio internazionale. Il primo analizza le conseguenze macro-finanziarie delle interruzioni delle catene di fornitura in un'economia caratterizzata da reti di produzione e credito interconnesse. Il secondo studio analizza la formazione e l'evoluzione della rete del commercio internazionale, ponendo enfasi sulla trasmissione degli shock finanziari. Il terzo saggio esamina gli effetti delle politiche climatiche asimmetriche sull’organizzazione internazionale della produzione, con il conseguente outsourcing di attività inquinanti. Il quarto elaborato presenta un'analisi empirica preliminare, fondata su strumenti di network analysis, del rapporto tra politiche ambientali e commercio. Nel complesso, la tesi collega il comportamento delle imprese alle dinamiche macroeconomiche, evidenziando il ruolo delle reti endogene nel plasmare la propagazione degli shock e gli esiti delle politiche in un’economia globalizzata.
AGENT-BASED MODELS FOR MACRO-FINANCIAL AND CLIMATE ECONOMICS
Grugni, Elisa
2025
Abstract
Trade has undergone profound transformations over the last few decades, leading to an increasingly interconnected global economy characterised by fragmented production and complex international linkages. The present thesis proposes a micro-founded analysis of the emergence and evolution of international production and trade networks. The focus of this analysis is on how heterogeneous firms form and rewire cross-border linkages in response to asymmetric shocks and policies. The analysis builds on the New-New Trade Theory, incorporating firm-level heterogeneity, financial frictions, and the determinants of firms' boundaries into dynamic agent-based models. In these models, aggregate outcomes emerge from decentralised interactions among boundedly rational agents. The thesis comprises four essays that examine different dimensions of international trade. The first study examines the macro-financial consequences of supply chain disruptions within an economy characterised by interconnected production and credit networks. The second part of the study analyses the formation and evolution of the international trade network in a multi-country setting with heterogeneous firms and financial constraints, emphasising the transmission of financial shocks. The third study investigates the effects of asymmetric climate policies on production networks, carbon leakage, and the role of border adjustment mechanisms in mitigating the economic consequences of carbon taxation. The fourth chapter provides a preliminary empirical, network-based analysis of the environmental policy–trade nexus. The thesis establishes a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework encompassing both micro-level firm behaviour and macroeconomic dynamics. It elucidates the pivotal role of endogenous networks in shaping shock propagation and policy outcomes within a globalised economy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/354792
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-354792