The research investigates the relationship between architectural form and structural efficiency, with particular attention to the isostatic-line slabs developed by the Nervi studio in the late 1940s. These structures are based on the static theory of plates, according to which the elimination of torsional moments along specific directions—known as isostatic lines—leads to an optimization of structural behaviour. The observation of the strong formal expressiveness of these slabs, in which curvilinear ribs seem to make the internal force flow visible, constitutes the starting point of the investigation. The thesis aims to assess to what extent this expressiveness corresponds to rational structural principles and whether, over time, a divergence has emerged between theoretical premises and built realizations. The objective is to clarify the design approach of Pier Luigi Nervi, in which technical rigor, construction expertise, and aesthetic sensitivity converge. After reconstructing and organizing current knowledge on the genesis and development of this specific structural typology, the research explores the relationship between structure, construction, and form, adopting the transdisciplinary nature of design as its methodological foundation. From this perspective, the study retraces the modalities of the design process through an integrated approach that places sources, tools, and documents of different origins and natures on an equal footing. The work is structured into two complementary sections. The first part, of a historical and architectural nature, reconstructs the conceptual and constructive development of isostatic-line slabs, starting from theoretical and design sources. The cultural and technical context in which this structural typology emerged is outlined, with particular attention to the principles of “structural architecture” advocated by Pier Luigi Nervi. A central role is attributed to Aldo Arcangeli, author of one of the two patents filed in 1949, who introduced the principle of tracing ribs along isostatic lines, understood as a tool for optimizing all structural models. This phase also analyses the formal evolution of the slabs, highlighting their expressive and constructive variety. The archival sources examined—including drawings, notes, sketches, and correspondence—reveal a rich and articulated design development process in which experimentation plays a central role. The second section, of a technical and analytical nature, aims to verify the coherence between the built slabs and the theoretical principles from which they derive, by analysing the relationship between form, structural behaviour, and construction methods. The investigation focuses on a selected set of case studies, for which a comparative analysis was conducted integrating qualitative assessments and quantitative measurements, with the aim of determining the degree of deviation between the constructed rib layouts and the theoretical isostatic lines. The study also considers the design and calculation resources available during the period in question, distinguishing between empirical approaches based on experimental testing of scale models and the analytical tools employed at the time. This comparison makes it possible to outline the limits and operational potential of the modelling techniques adopted and to assess how they influenced architectural form and the construction solutions ultimately implemented. In conclusion, the research proposes an interpretation of Nervi’s “structural sincerity” not as the dogmatic application of a single principle, but as an artisanal design practice founded on a conscious balance between structural knowledge, construction skill, and formal intention, adapted on a case-by-case basis to each individual project.
La ricerca indaga il rapporto tra forma architettonica ed efficienza strutturale, con particolare attenzione ai solai a linee isostatiche sviluppati dallo studio Nervi alla fine degli anni Quaranta. Queste strutture si fondano sulla teoria statica delle piastre, secondo cui l’eliminazione dei momenti torcenti lungo specifiche direttrici - le linee isostatiche - porta ad un’ottimizzazione del comportamento strutturale. L’osservazione della forte espressività formale di tali solai, in cui le nervature curvilinee sembrano rendere visibile l’andamento degli sforzi interni, costituisce il punto di partenza dell’indagine. La tesi si propone di valutare in che misura tale espressività corrisponda a principi strutturali razionali e se, nel tempo, si sia prodotto uno scostamento tra i presupposti teorici e le realizzazioni concrete. L’obiettivo è chiarire l’approccio progettuale di Pier Luigi Nervi, nel quale convergono rigore tecnico, competenza costruttiva e sensibilità estetica. Dopo aver ricostruito e organizzato le conoscenze attuali sulla genesi e lo sviluppo di questa particolare tipologia strutturale, la ricerca esplora la relazione tra struttura, costruzione e forma, assumendo la natura transdisciplinare del progetto come fondamento metodologico. In quest’ottica, lo studio, ripercorrendo le modalità del processo progettuale, adotta un approccio integrato, che pone sullo stesso piano fonti, strumenti e documenti di diversa provenienza e natura. Il lavoro si articola in due sezioni complementari. La prima parte, di natura storico-architettonica, ricostruisce lo sviluppo concettuale e costruttivo dei solai a linee isostatiche, a partire dalle fonti teoriche e progettuali. Viene delineato il contesto culturale e tecnico entro cui matura questa tipologia strutturale, con attenzione ai principi dell’“architettura strutturale” sostenuti da Pier Luigi Nervi. Un ruolo centrale è attribuito alla figura di Aldo Arcangeli, autore di uno dei due brevetti depositati nel 1949, che introduce il principio del tracciamento delle nervature secondo le linee isostatiche, intese come strumento di ottimizzazione di tutti i modelli strutturali. In questa fase viene analizzata anche l’evoluzione formale dei solai, evidenziandone la varietà espressiva e costruttiva. Le fonti archivistiche esaminate, tra cui disegni, appunti, schizzi e corrispondenze, rivelano un processo di sviluppo progettuale ricco e articolato, in cui la componente sperimentale ha un ruolo centrale. La seconda sezione, di natura tecnico-analitica, si propone di verificare la coerenza tra i solai realizzati e i principi teorici da cui derivano, analizzando il rapporto tra forma, comportamento statico e modalità costruttive. L’indagine si concentra su un insieme selezionato di casi studio, per i quali è stata condotta un’analisi comparativa che integra valutazioni qualitative e misurazioni quantitative, finalizzata a determinare la distanza tra il tracciato delle nervature realizzate e le linee isostatiche teoriche. Lo studio considera inoltre le risorse progettuali e di calcolo disponibili nel periodo di riferimento, distinguendo tra approcci empirici, fondati su prove sperimentali condotte su modelli in scala, e strumenti analitici allora impiegati. Questo confronto consente di delineare i limiti e le potenzialità operative delle tecniche di modellazione adottate e di valutare in che modo esse abbiano influenzato la forma architettonica e le soluzioni costruttive effettivamente adottate. In sintesi, la ricerca propone una lettura della “sincerità statica” di Nervi non come applicazione dogmatica di un principio unico, ma come pratica progettuale artigianale fondata su un equilibrio consapevole tra conoscenza strutturale, abilità costruttiva e intenzione formale, adattato di volta in volta al singolo progetto.
I solai a linee isostatiche di Pier Luigi Nervi e Aldo Arcangeli. Diagrammi di sforzi e forme costruite.
Lembo, Marta
2026
Abstract
The research investigates the relationship between architectural form and structural efficiency, with particular attention to the isostatic-line slabs developed by the Nervi studio in the late 1940s. These structures are based on the static theory of plates, according to which the elimination of torsional moments along specific directions—known as isostatic lines—leads to an optimization of structural behaviour. The observation of the strong formal expressiveness of these slabs, in which curvilinear ribs seem to make the internal force flow visible, constitutes the starting point of the investigation. The thesis aims to assess to what extent this expressiveness corresponds to rational structural principles and whether, over time, a divergence has emerged between theoretical premises and built realizations. The objective is to clarify the design approach of Pier Luigi Nervi, in which technical rigor, construction expertise, and aesthetic sensitivity converge. After reconstructing and organizing current knowledge on the genesis and development of this specific structural typology, the research explores the relationship between structure, construction, and form, adopting the transdisciplinary nature of design as its methodological foundation. From this perspective, the study retraces the modalities of the design process through an integrated approach that places sources, tools, and documents of different origins and natures on an equal footing. The work is structured into two complementary sections. The first part, of a historical and architectural nature, reconstructs the conceptual and constructive development of isostatic-line slabs, starting from theoretical and design sources. The cultural and technical context in which this structural typology emerged is outlined, with particular attention to the principles of “structural architecture” advocated by Pier Luigi Nervi. A central role is attributed to Aldo Arcangeli, author of one of the two patents filed in 1949, who introduced the principle of tracing ribs along isostatic lines, understood as a tool for optimizing all structural models. This phase also analyses the formal evolution of the slabs, highlighting their expressive and constructive variety. The archival sources examined—including drawings, notes, sketches, and correspondence—reveal a rich and articulated design development process in which experimentation plays a central role. The second section, of a technical and analytical nature, aims to verify the coherence between the built slabs and the theoretical principles from which they derive, by analysing the relationship between form, structural behaviour, and construction methods. The investigation focuses on a selected set of case studies, for which a comparative analysis was conducted integrating qualitative assessments and quantitative measurements, with the aim of determining the degree of deviation between the constructed rib layouts and the theoretical isostatic lines. The study also considers the design and calculation resources available during the period in question, distinguishing between empirical approaches based on experimental testing of scale models and the analytical tools employed at the time. This comparison makes it possible to outline the limits and operational potential of the modelling techniques adopted and to assess how they influenced architectural form and the construction solutions ultimately implemented. In conclusion, the research proposes an interpretation of Nervi’s “structural sincerity” not as the dogmatic application of a single principle, but as an artisanal design practice founded on a conscious balance between structural knowledge, construction skill, and formal intention, adapted on a case-by-case basis to each individual project.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/354929
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-354929