This dissertation explores the problem of Misleading Information Visualisations (Misinfovis) that travel within social media platforms during societal crises. I define Misinfovis as those with the potential to mislead by presenting an illusion of evidence, directing readers towards conclusions that diverge from a factual depiction of reality, without necessarily stating falsehoods, whether by intention or accident. Within the rhizomatic context of social media ecosystems, Misinfovis can follow unexpected paths, potentially threatening citizens' right to access reliable information. The research approaches this issue considering the polysemic nature of Misinfovis, and it explores the communicative multimodality that Misinfovis, I argue, acquire as they enter and traverse social media platforms. The actions of this research have a clear purpose: to be a stepping stone towards developing literacy on the problem in a manner that is accessible to citizens –whether not versed or with different levels of familiarity in information design–, who rely on social media to inform themselves. The approach is pragmatic, one of action-reflection –moving between two poles: that of Research for Design and that of Research through Design– where three actions guide and define the process, that is composite and iterative and is step by step informed by the reflections generated from each action. The methods employed are mixed and this reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the whole research. The core contribution to knowledge of the research are three objects, of more 'practical' utility, so to speak, a) the Classification of Misinfovis Situations, (b) the Classification of Misinfovis Narratives, and (c) the Field Guide to Misinfovis; and two deriving theoretical principles, that a) Infovis are potentially misleading to varying degrees and severities, that (b) Misleading infovis are floating signifiers, and a future path that (c) Misinfovis Literacy should be integrated within digital Media and Information Literacy initiatives; which together form the basis of the possible next developments of the research. The research contributes to a discourse that is intrinsically interdisciplinary, and goes beyond the field of information design, touching upon numerous other disciplines, such as media studies, journalism, information war studies and disinformation studies, from the lens of design research, intended as a holistic approach of engagement and ideation, of experimentation and exploration.
Questa tesi esplora il problema delle Visualizzazioni di Informazioni Fuorvianti (Misinfovis) che viaggiano attraverso le piattaforme di social media durante i periodi di crisi sociale. Definisco le Misinfovis come quegli artefatti che presentano un'illusione di evidenza, e inducono i lettori (con o senza intenzionalità) verso conclusioni che divergono da una rappresentazione fattuale della realtà, senza però necessariamente affermare falsità. All'interno del contesto rizomatico degli ecosistemi dei social media, le Misinfovis possono seguire percorsi inaspettati, e mettere a rischio il diritto dei cittadini ad accedere a informazioni affidabili. La ricerca affronta questo problema considerando la natura polisemica delle Misinfovis e ne esplora la multimodalità comunicativa che, sostengo, le Misinfovis acquisiscono entrando e attraversando le piattaforme di social media. Le azioni di questa ricerca hanno uno scopo chiaro: essere un punto di partenza verso lo sviluppo di alfabetizzazione sul problema in un modo accessibile ai cittadini (siano essi non esperti o con diversi livelli di familiarità con il design dell'informazione) che si affidano ai social media per informarsi. L'approccio è pragmatico, basato sull’approccio azione-riflessione, e si muove tra due poli: quello della Ricerca per il Design e quello della Ricerca attraverso il Design. Tre azioni principali guidano e definiscono il processo, che è composito e iterativo ed è, passo dopo passo, informato dalle riflessioni generate da ogni azione. In più, i metodi impiegati sono misti e ciò riflette la natura interdisciplinare dell'intera ricerca. Per concludere, il contributo centrale alla conoscenza offerto da questa ricerca ricerca consiste in tre oggetti, di utilità più "pratica", per così dire: (a) la Classification of Misinfovis Situations, (b) la Classification of Misinfovis Narratives, e (c) la Field Guide to Misinfovis; e due principi teorici derivanti: che (a) tutte le Infovis sono potenzialmente fuorvianti su livelli e severità variabili, che (b) le Misinfovis generano e assorbono significarti, per così dire, fluttuanti; e una direzione futura: che (c) l’alfabetizzazione alle Misinfovis dovrebbe essere integrata all'interno delle iniziative di Alfabetizzazione Digitale sui Media e sull'Informazione. Questi elementi insieme formano la base dei possibili sviluppi futuri della ricerca. La ricerca contribuisce a un discorso intrinsecamente interdisciplinare, che va oltre il campo del design dell'informazione, toccando numerose altre discipline, come gli studi sui media, il giornalismo, gli studi sulla guerra dell'informazione e gli studi sulla disinformazione, attraverso la lente della ricerca nel design, intesa come un approccio olistico di coinvolgimento e ideazione, di sperimentazione ed esplorazione.
Multimodal Misinfovis on social media ecosystems. Unpacking the strata of meaning for citizens
Elena, Aversa
2025
Abstract
This dissertation explores the problem of Misleading Information Visualisations (Misinfovis) that travel within social media platforms during societal crises. I define Misinfovis as those with the potential to mislead by presenting an illusion of evidence, directing readers towards conclusions that diverge from a factual depiction of reality, without necessarily stating falsehoods, whether by intention or accident. Within the rhizomatic context of social media ecosystems, Misinfovis can follow unexpected paths, potentially threatening citizens' right to access reliable information. The research approaches this issue considering the polysemic nature of Misinfovis, and it explores the communicative multimodality that Misinfovis, I argue, acquire as they enter and traverse social media platforms. The actions of this research have a clear purpose: to be a stepping stone towards developing literacy on the problem in a manner that is accessible to citizens –whether not versed or with different levels of familiarity in information design–, who rely on social media to inform themselves. The approach is pragmatic, one of action-reflection –moving between two poles: that of Research for Design and that of Research through Design– where three actions guide and define the process, that is composite and iterative and is step by step informed by the reflections generated from each action. The methods employed are mixed and this reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the whole research. The core contribution to knowledge of the research are three objects, of more 'practical' utility, so to speak, a) the Classification of Misinfovis Situations, (b) the Classification of Misinfovis Narratives, and (c) the Field Guide to Misinfovis; and two deriving theoretical principles, that a) Infovis are potentially misleading to varying degrees and severities, that (b) Misleading infovis are floating signifiers, and a future path that (c) Misinfovis Literacy should be integrated within digital Media and Information Literacy initiatives; which together form the basis of the possible next developments of the research. The research contributes to a discourse that is intrinsically interdisciplinary, and goes beyond the field of information design, touching upon numerous other disciplines, such as media studies, journalism, information war studies and disinformation studies, from the lens of design research, intended as a holistic approach of engagement and ideation, of experimentation and exploration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/355767
URN:NBN:IT:POLIMI-355767