Cell and gene therapies (CGT) require highly accurate DNA constructs and in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA, such as recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors and therapeutic mRNAs. The gold standard for sequence quality control, Sanger sequencing, is unsuitable for complex motifs such as inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), long repeats, GC-rich regions, and polyA tails. During this project, it was developed a sequencing-based QC pipeline by integrating Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina platforms. ONT enabled long-read sequencing of over 5000 DNA constructs, resolving complex motifs inaccessible to Sanger sequencing, while supporting high-throughput analysis of up to 96 samples per run. Illumina, evaluated through stress tests on diverse plasmid libraries, provided high accuracy (Q30) and reliable detection of polyA tails up to 120 bases, complementing ONT’s limitations. While Illumina is not yet fully operative in our laboratory, it is planned for integration into the future months. In parallel, ONT direct RNA sequencing was piloted to verify IVT mRNA transcripts, showing feasibility for RNA QC despite reduced accuracy and lack of multiplexing. Together, these results demonstrate that a combined ONT–Illumina strategy delivers scalable, accurate, and cost-effective sequencing pipelines for Biofoundry settings, advancing the production of 100% sequence-verified rAAV constructs and mRNA constructs for next-generation CGT.
Le terapie geniche e cellulari (CGT) richiedono costrutti di DNA e mRNA trascritto in vitro (IVT) con elevata accuratezza, come i vettori ricombinanti adeno-associati (rAAV) e gli mRNA terapeutici. Il metodo di riferimento per il controllo qualità delle sequenze nucleotidiche, il sequenziamento Sanger, risulta però inadeguato per regioni complesse quali le inverted terminal repeats (ITR), le lunghe ripetizioni, le aree ricche in GC e le code poliA. In questo progetto è stata sviluppata una pipeline di controllo qualità basata sul next generation sequencing (NGS), integrando le tecnologie Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) e Illumina. ONT ha consentito il sequenziamento di oltre 5000 costrutti di DNA, risolvendo strutture complesse non accessibili al Sanger e supportando analisi ad alto throughput fino a 96 campioni per run. Illumina, valutata tramite uno stress test condotto su 12 campioni eterogenei, ha mostrato un’elevata accuratezza (Q30) e una rilevazione affidabile delle code poliA fino a 120 basi, compensando i limiti di ONT. Sebbene non sia ancora pienamente operativa nel nostro laboratorio, l’integrazione di Illumina è prevista a breve. Parallelamente, è stato applicato anche il protocollo di sequenziamento diretto dell’mRNA con ONT, per verificare i trascritti prodotti tramite IVT nella nostra Biofoundry. Questo approccio ha dimostrato la fattibilità di un QC a livello di mRNA, pur evidenziando limiti di accuratezza e l’assenza di multiplexing. Nel complesso, i risultati ottenuti mostrano come una strategia integrata ONT–Illumina permetta di sviluppare pipeline di sequenziamento scalabili, accurate ed economicamente sostenibili, migliorando la produzione di costrutti rAAV e mRNA completamente validati per applicazioni in CGT.
Implementation of NGS technologies to speed up and improve the rAAV and IVT mRNA production stage for Cell and Gene Therapy
POTLOG, VIOLINA
2026
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies (CGT) require highly accurate DNA constructs and in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA, such as recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors and therapeutic mRNAs. The gold standard for sequence quality control, Sanger sequencing, is unsuitable for complex motifs such as inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), long repeats, GC-rich regions, and polyA tails. During this project, it was developed a sequencing-based QC pipeline by integrating Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina platforms. ONT enabled long-read sequencing of over 5000 DNA constructs, resolving complex motifs inaccessible to Sanger sequencing, while supporting high-throughput analysis of up to 96 samples per run. Illumina, evaluated through stress tests on diverse plasmid libraries, provided high accuracy (Q30) and reliable detection of polyA tails up to 120 bases, complementing ONT’s limitations. While Illumina is not yet fully operative in our laboratory, it is planned for integration into the future months. In parallel, ONT direct RNA sequencing was piloted to verify IVT mRNA transcripts, showing feasibility for RNA QC despite reduced accuracy and lack of multiplexing. Together, these results demonstrate that a combined ONT–Illumina strategy delivers scalable, accurate, and cost-effective sequencing pipelines for Biofoundry settings, advancing the production of 100% sequence-verified rAAV constructs and mRNA constructs for next-generation CGT.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/355929
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVE-355929