This comparative study examines the operational translation of the “best interest of the child” principle in juvenile criminal proceedings involving child offenders, contrasting the systems of Italy and Northern Ireland. Grounded in a theoretical framework that integrates the New Sociology of Childhood, Interpretive Reproduction Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study employs a mixed-methods design. In the quantitative component, a comparative analysis of official statistics on juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates—broken down by age, gender, and offence type—demonstrates the substantial comparability of the two contexts. The qualitative component is based on semi-structured interviews with professionals working in legal and socio-educational settings. These interviews were transcribed in full and subjected to coding and analysis using NVivo 20. The comparative analysis of Italian and Northern Irish practices reveals that, despite differing procedural models, rehabilitative and community-based measures prevail over punitive and custodial solutions in both contexts. Specifically, any form of liberty restriction is subordinated to a careful balancing of the child’s physical‑psychological welfare, assurance of their role as an engaged participant, and transparent communication of the reasoning behind judicial decisions. The conclusions emphasize that, for the “best interest of the child” to be genuinely translated into a child‑friendly and responsible practice, it is necessary to: (1) consolidate inter‑professional protocols that systematically link the assessment of child vulnerability with the definition of measures; (2) promote specialized, joint training programs for judicial and socio‑educational operators; and (3) introduce audit mechanisms and quality indicators to monitor the consistency and effectiveness of decisions. Only by configuring an operational guarantee system in which protection, participation, and accountability mutually reinforce one another can the “best interest” principle fully realise its capacity to safeguard children effectively in criminal proceedings.
La presente indagine comparativa esplora la traduzione operativa del principio del best interest of the child nei procedimenti penali minorili che coinvolgono minori autori di reato, mettendo a confronto i sistemi di Italia e Irlanda del Nord. Fondato su una cornice teorica che integra la Nuova Sociologia dell’Infanzia, la teoria della Riproduzione Interpretativa e la Self‑Determination Theory, il lavoro adotta un disegno metodologico misto. Nella componente quantitativa, l’analisi comparata delle statistiche ufficiali sui tassi di delinquenza minorile e di recidiva - articolati per età, genere e tipologia di reato - evidenzia la sostanziale comparabilità dei due contesti. La componente qualitativa si basa su interviste semi‑strutturate rivolte a professionisti operanti a vario titolo nell’ambito legale e socio‑educativo, trascritte integralmente e sottoposte a codifica e analisi tramite il software NVivo 20. L’analisi comparata delle prassi italiane e nordirlandesi rivela che, nonostante modelli procedurali differenti, in entrambi i contesti le misure riabilitative e comunitarie prevalgono sulle soluzioni punitivo‑ristrettive. In particolare, ogni forma di restrizione della libertà viene subordinata a un bilanciamento attento tra tutela del benessere psicofisico del minore, garanzia del suo ruolo di attore partecipante e trasparente comunicazione delle motivazioni alla base delle decisioni giudiziarie. Le conclusioni sottolineano che perché il best interest of the child si traduca davvero in una prassi child‑friendly e responsabile è necessario: consolidare protocolli interprofessionali che connettano sistematicamente la valutazione della vulnerabilità minorile con la definizione delle misure; promuovere percorsi di formazione specialistica e congiunta per operatori giudiziari e socio‑educativi; introdurre meccanismi di audit e indicatori di qualità per monitorare coerenza ed efficacia delle decisioni. Solo configurando un sistema di garanzie operative in cui protezione, partecipazione e rendicontazione si sostengano reciprocamente, il principio del best interest potrà dispiegare appieno la sua capacità di tutelare efficacemente i minori coinvolti nei procedimenti penali.
Il best interest of the child e le responsabilità di ruolo quando un minorenne è autore di reato. Uno studio comparativo tra Italia e Irlanda del Nord
BASILE, MARTA
2025
Abstract
This comparative study examines the operational translation of the “best interest of the child” principle in juvenile criminal proceedings involving child offenders, contrasting the systems of Italy and Northern Ireland. Grounded in a theoretical framework that integrates the New Sociology of Childhood, Interpretive Reproduction Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study employs a mixed-methods design. In the quantitative component, a comparative analysis of official statistics on juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates—broken down by age, gender, and offence type—demonstrates the substantial comparability of the two contexts. The qualitative component is based on semi-structured interviews with professionals working in legal and socio-educational settings. These interviews were transcribed in full and subjected to coding and analysis using NVivo 20. The comparative analysis of Italian and Northern Irish practices reveals that, despite differing procedural models, rehabilitative and community-based measures prevail over punitive and custodial solutions in both contexts. Specifically, any form of liberty restriction is subordinated to a careful balancing of the child’s physical‑psychological welfare, assurance of their role as an engaged participant, and transparent communication of the reasoning behind judicial decisions. The conclusions emphasize that, for the “best interest of the child” to be genuinely translated into a child‑friendly and responsible practice, it is necessary to: (1) consolidate inter‑professional protocols that systematically link the assessment of child vulnerability with the definition of measures; (2) promote specialized, joint training programs for judicial and socio‑educational operators; and (3) introduce audit mechanisms and quality indicators to monitor the consistency and effectiveness of decisions. Only by configuring an operational guarantee system in which protection, participation, and accountability mutually reinforce one another can the “best interest” principle fully realise its capacity to safeguard children effectively in criminal proceedings.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/359446
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-359446