Definizione di una metodologia integrata per la stima delle emissioni di PM da superfici di materiali granulari esposte all’erosione eolica

Wind erosion is a key mechanism responsible for the emission of particulate matter (PM) from granular surfaces (industrial wind erosion). In industrial environments such as mining and metallurgical plants, granular materials, typically stored in open yards, can act as fugitive dust sources and affect air quality in surrounding environments. This work develops an integrated methodology that combines experimental measurements and numerical modelling to estimate PM emissions from erodible surfaces exposed to wind action under site-specific conditions. The methodology integrates the physical–chemical characterization of the materials, the experimental determination of the threshold friction velocity, and the CFD-based modelling of the wind field over the exposed surfaces. At its core is a physical–mathematical model implemented in MATLAB, which simulates the saltation, impact, and release of fine particles generated by the saltation process, using as input data the results of experimental analyses preliminary performed on the materials under investigation. The PM10 emissions estimated through numerical simulations showed qualitative agreement with the results of the emission tests carried out in the Environmental Wind Tunnel (DICAAR EWT). The developed methodology represents a significant step toward the development of predictive tools for the management and mitigation of dust emissions, offering a flexible and scientifically robust basis for environmental impact studies.