Innovation in European sport is increasingly taking place through open, collaborative networks where start-ups, institutions, large companies, user communities, investors and technology providers contribute to defining solutions, knowledge and new organisational models. With this development, start-ups are becoming key actors in shaping sport innovations. From this starting point, my thesis examines how European sports start-ups collaborate with actors in the Open Innovation Ecosystem (OIE) and what Open Innovation (OI) strategies characterise these collaborative relationships. The research combines a cultural perspective on innovation in sport, a scoping review that develops a sport-specific conceptual model of OIE, a qualitative study based on interviews with executives from Italian start-ups, and a quantitative survey of the openness configurations adopted by over two hundred European sports start-ups. The findings show that innovation in the European sports sector is deeply influenced by the cultural values, institutional logics and participatory practises that characterise the sector. Outside-in and coupled OI strategies are the most widespread amongst European sports start-ups. The conceptual model shows that sports OIE are ecosystem characterised by a different level of formalisation compared to other sectors. Specifically, users play a central role while intermediaries, universities and knowledge brokers hold marginal influence. Empirically, start-ups balance experimentation and consolidation phases to manage their limited resources with building legitimacy and adapt to contextual conditions. The strategic configurations identified in the quantitative chapter show differentiated trajectories of openness, influenced by organisational constraints and characteristics of the actors involved. My thesis contributes theoretically to the advancement of OI and OIE applied to sport and offers managerial and practical implications for ecosystem actors. At the managerial level, the results suggest the need to structure clearer coordination mechanisms, reduce the bureaucratic 3 rigidity of procedures and create regulated spaces for experimentation capable of supporting start-ups in innovation processes. From a practical point of view, the findings highlight that systematic user involvement and differentiated collaboration strategies can increase start-ups’ ability to validate their solutions and strengthen their position in the ecosystem. The final reflections identify new directions for research related to start-ups’ performance, cultural differences and the development of more effective intermediation infrastructures.
L’innovazione nello sport europeo sta avvenendo sempre più attraverso reti aperte e collaborative dove start-up, istituzioni, grandi aziende, comunità di utenti, investitori e fornitori di tecnologia contribuiscono a definire soluzioni, conoscenze e nuovi modelli organizzativi. Con questo sviluppo, le start-up stanno diventando attori chiave nel dar forma alle innovazioni sportive. Partendo da questo presupposto, la mia tesi esamina come le start-up sportive europee collaborano con gli attori dell’Open Innovation Ecosystem (OIE) e quali strategie di Open Innovation (OI) caratterizzano queste relazioni collaborative. La ricerca combina una prospettiva culturale sull’innovazione nello sport, una scoping review che sviluppa il modello concettuale dell’OIE specifico per lo sport, uno studio qualitativo basato su interviste con dirigenti di start-up italiane e un’indagine quantitativa sulle configurazioni di apertura adottate da oltre duecento start-up sportive europee. I risultati mostrano che l’innovazione nel settore sportivo europeo è profondamente influenzata dai valori culturali, dalle logiche istituzionali e dalle pratiche partecipative che caratterizzano il settore. Le strategie Outside-in e Coupled sono le più diffuse tra le start-up sportive europee. Il modello concettuale mostra che l’OIE nello sport è un ecosistema caratterizzato da un livello di formalizzazione diverso rispetto ad altri settori. In particolare, gli utenti hanno un ruolo centrale, mentre gli intermediari, le università e i mediatori di conoscenza hanno un’influenza marginale. A livello empirico, le start-up bilanciano le fasi di sperimentazione e consolidamento per gestire le loro risorse limitate, costruire legittimità e adattarsi alle condizioni contestuali. Le configurazioni strategiche identificate nel capitolo quantitativo mostrano traiettorie differenziate di apertura, influenzate dai vincoli organizzativi e dalle caratteristiche degli attori coinvolti. La mia tesi contribuisce a livello teorico al progresso dell’OI e dell’OIE applicate allo sport e offre implicazioni manageriali e pratiche per gli attori dell’ecosistema. A livello manageriale, i risultati suggeriscono la necessità di strutturare meccanismi di coordinamento più chiari, ridurre la 5 rigidità burocratica delle procedure e creare spazi regolamentati per la sperimentazione in grado di supportare le start-up nei processi di innovazione. Da un punto di vista pratico, i risultati evidenziano che il coinvolgimento sistematico degli utenti e strategie di collaborazione differenziate possono aumentare la capacità delle start-up di convalidare le loro soluzioni e rafforzare la loro posizione nell’ecosistema. Le riflessioni finali identificano nuove direzioni per la ricerca relativa alle performance delle start-up, alle differenze culturali e allo sviluppo di infrastrutture di intermediazione più efficaci.
Open Innovation Strategies in European Sport: How Start-ups collaborate within Open Innovation Ecosystems
CANINI, DANIELE
2026
Abstract
Innovation in European sport is increasingly taking place through open, collaborative networks where start-ups, institutions, large companies, user communities, investors and technology providers contribute to defining solutions, knowledge and new organisational models. With this development, start-ups are becoming key actors in shaping sport innovations. From this starting point, my thesis examines how European sports start-ups collaborate with actors in the Open Innovation Ecosystem (OIE) and what Open Innovation (OI) strategies characterise these collaborative relationships. The research combines a cultural perspective on innovation in sport, a scoping review that develops a sport-specific conceptual model of OIE, a qualitative study based on interviews with executives from Italian start-ups, and a quantitative survey of the openness configurations adopted by over two hundred European sports start-ups. The findings show that innovation in the European sports sector is deeply influenced by the cultural values, institutional logics and participatory practises that characterise the sector. Outside-in and coupled OI strategies are the most widespread amongst European sports start-ups. The conceptual model shows that sports OIE are ecosystem characterised by a different level of formalisation compared to other sectors. Specifically, users play a central role while intermediaries, universities and knowledge brokers hold marginal influence. Empirically, start-ups balance experimentation and consolidation phases to manage their limited resources with building legitimacy and adapt to contextual conditions. The strategic configurations identified in the quantitative chapter show differentiated trajectories of openness, influenced by organisational constraints and characteristics of the actors involved. My thesis contributes theoretically to the advancement of OI and OIE applied to sport and offers managerial and practical implications for ecosystem actors. At the managerial level, the results suggest the need to structure clearer coordination mechanisms, reduce the bureaucratic 3 rigidity of procedures and create regulated spaces for experimentation capable of supporting start-ups in innovation processes. From a practical point of view, the findings highlight that systematic user involvement and differentiated collaboration strategies can increase start-ups’ ability to validate their solutions and strengthen their position in the ecosystem. The final reflections identify new directions for research related to start-ups’ performance, cultural differences and the development of more effective intermediation infrastructures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1. CANINI_Open Innovation Strategies in European Sport_How Start-ups Collaborate within Open Innovation Ecosystems (PhD Thesis-XXXVIII Cycle).pdf
accesso aperto
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
1.83 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.83 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/359827
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA4-359827