This work starts from the observation that, almost thirty years after law no. 66 of 15 February 1996, Article 609 bis of the Italian Criminal Code remains centred on a coercive paradigm that is increasingly difficult to reconcile with the Istanbul Convention and with the changing social perception of sexual autonomy. The aim of the research is to contribute to the debate on a desirable reform of the law on sexual violence by identifying, in the light of comparative experience, the model of consent best suited to guide, de iure condendo, a revision of said prevision. The thesis reconstructs the evolution of the Italian legislation, examines the Spanish normative path culminated in Ley Orgánica no. 10/2022 and the English model shaped by the Sexual Offences Act 2003, and then analyses the main reform proposals developed at national level. The study shows, on the one hand, the continuing inadequacy of an offence structured around coercion and, on the other, the gradual embrace via case law of an affirmative consent model. The thesis concludes by suggesting the adoption of a legislative reform that centres the offence of sexual violence on the absence of consent, expressed verbally or through unequivocal conduct, so as to realign the legal framework with conventional obligations and judicial practice, while acknowledging that legislative change must be accompanied by broader cultural and systemic measures to combat gender-based violence.
Il presente lavoro muove dalla constatazione che, a quasi trent’anni dalla legge 15 febbraio 1996, n. 66, l’art. 609 bis c.p. rimane incentrato su un paradigma costrittivo che risulta difficilmente conciliabile con la Convenzione di Istanbul e con il mutato sentire sociale in tema di libertà sessuale. Scopo della ricerca è contribuire al dibattito su un’auspicabile riforma della disciplina della violenza sessuale, individuando, alla luce dell’esperienza comparata, il modello di consenso più idoneo a orientare, de iure condendo, una revisione dell’art. 609 bis c.p. Il lavoro ricostruisce l’evoluzione della disciplina italiana, esamina il percorso normativo spagnolo culminato nella Ley Orgánica n. 10/2022 e il modello inglese delineato dal Sexual Offences Act del 2003, per poi approfondire le principali proposte di riforma elaborate in ambito nazionale. Dall’indagine emerge, da un lato, la perdurante inadeguatezza di una fattispecie strutturata attorno alla costrizione e, dall’altro, il progressivo accoglimento per via pretoria di un modello di consenso affermativo temperato. La tesi conclude suggerendo l’adozione adozione di una riforma legislativa che incentri la fattispecie di violenza sessuale sulla mancanza di un consenso espresso verbalmente o per fatti concludenti, così da riallineare l’ordinamento agli obblighi convenzionali e alla prassi applicativa, pur nella consapevolezza che una riforma normativa debba accompagnarsi a più ampi interventi culturali e sistemici nel contrasto alla violenza di genere.
PROSPETTIVE DI RIFORMA DELLA DISCIPLINA DELLA VIOLENZA SESSUALE NELL’ORDINAMENTO ITALIANO
PINNA, ANDREA NICCOLÒ
2026
Abstract
This work starts from the observation that, almost thirty years after law no. 66 of 15 February 1996, Article 609 bis of the Italian Criminal Code remains centred on a coercive paradigm that is increasingly difficult to reconcile with the Istanbul Convention and with the changing social perception of sexual autonomy. The aim of the research is to contribute to the debate on a desirable reform of the law on sexual violence by identifying, in the light of comparative experience, the model of consent best suited to guide, de iure condendo, a revision of said prevision. The thesis reconstructs the evolution of the Italian legislation, examines the Spanish normative path culminated in Ley Orgánica no. 10/2022 and the English model shaped by the Sexual Offences Act 2003, and then analyses the main reform proposals developed at national level. The study shows, on the one hand, the continuing inadequacy of an offence structured around coercion and, on the other, the gradual embrace via case law of an affirmative consent model. The thesis concludes by suggesting the adoption of a legislative reform that centres the offence of sexual violence on the absence of consent, expressed verbally or through unequivocal conduct, so as to realign the legal framework with conventional obligations and judicial practice, while acknowledging that legislative change must be accompanied by broader cultural and systemic measures to combat gender-based violence.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/359893
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-359893