In this research, my aim is to explore and describe the relationship between citizens and specialized healthcare services, focusing on families with a member affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) and on professionals working within specialized health services. My intent is to move beyond a purely clinical narrative and a rhetoric that tends to blame only the patients with AN for the lack of family inclusion in treatment pathways. Through the analysis of experiences and encounters within my ethnographic fieldwork, I aim to reconstruct some of the many threads that connect patients, their families, healthcare workers, and health services, seeking to make explicit the network of meanings, representations and practices that shape citizens’ relationships with healthcare services dedicated to the treatment of AN. The goal of this work is to provide an account of the actions of healthcare services and families in the field of anorexia nervosa treatment that goes beyond an academic, textbook-based and positivist narrative, and instead enters the realm of family expectations, the meanings attached to practices, and the social, organizational and cultural constraints that affect them. The core focus of my research concerns the identification of the main factors, procedures, and social actors that play a role in defining or influencing the degree of family inclusion in the care pathways offered by the healthcare system.My research hypothesis is that anorexia nervosa is a social, rather than an individual phenomenon. Therefore, anorexia nervosa, as well as any other illness, should be approached as a social fact and addressed through interdisciplinary health policies that adopt a biopolitical approach to health promotion. For this reason, the discussion of my research will be structured around several theoretical and methodological points of analysis that revisit the extensive field of studies on anorexia nervosa through an interdisciplinary lens, with particular attention to the use of ethnographic practice.In the first chapter, I will lay the groundwork for a reinterpretation of the current biomedical landscape using the tools provided by medical anthropology over the past century. Starting from a deconstruction of the concepts of illness and care. I will then analyze the historical, social and individual contexts in which these phenomena emerge. Subsequently, I will focus on understanding and problematizing the systemic policies underlying current approaches to AN, highlighting the institutional structures within which biomedical power is exercised and, at times, redefined. These aspects are essential for providing the theoretical framework of my analysis. Before introducing the actual fieldwork, I will address my dual positionality as a researcher, both as an anthropologist and as a psychologist, and I discuss the methodologies and critical issues that emerged throughout my study and engagement with the topic. Through the use of a professional autoethnographic approach, I will first attempt to deconstruct my perspective as a healthcare practitioner in order to convey the perception of healthcare organizations and the rules of the biomedical system, as experienced by other professionals in the field.
In questa ricerca, è mia intenzione esplorare e descrivere la relazione tra i cittadini e i servizi specialistici di cura, focalizzando l’attenzione sulle famiglie che hanno un paziente affetto da anoressia nervosa (AN) e sui professionisti nei servizi sanitari specialistici, cercando di uscire da una narrazione clinica e da una retorica che tende a colpevolizzare i soli pazienti con AN rispetto alla mancata inclusione delle famiglie nei percorsi di cura. Attraverso l’analisi delle esperienze e degli incontri nel campo etnografico, vorrei ricostruire alcune delle numerosissime trame che legano insieme i pazienti, le loro famiglie, gli operatori e i servizi sanitari, cercando di esplicitare la rete di significati, rappresentazioni e pratiche che influenzano il rapporto dei cittadini con i servizi sanitari dedicati alla cura dell’AN. Il tentativo sarà quello di offrire una rappresentazione dell’operato dei servizi sanitari e delle famiglie nel campo della cura dell’AN oltrepassando una narrazione accademica, manualistica e positivista, e cercando di entrare nel campo delle aspettative familiari, dei significati legati alle pratiche e dei condizionamenti sociali, organizzativi e culturali. L’attenzione che animerà la mia ricerca riguarda l’identificazione dei principali fattori, delle procedure e degli attori sociali che hanno un ruolo nel definire o influenzare l’inclusività della famiglia nei percorsi di cura. L’ipotesi di ricerca è che l’AN sia un fatto sociale e non individuale. Sia l’AN che ogni altra malattia vadano affrontate come fatti sociali e attraverso politiche sanitarie interdisciplinari che tengano conto di un approccio biopolitico alla promozione alla salute. Per questo motivo, la restituzione della mia ricerca si articolerà in diversi punti di analisi teorico-metodologici che ripercorreranno l’ampio campo di studi dell’AN tramite un approccio interdisciplinare ed etnografico. Nel corso del primo capitolo porrò le basi per una rilettura del panorama biomedico attuale attraverso gli strumenti forniti dagli studi in antropologia medica dell’ultimo secolo. Partendo da una decostruzione del concetto di malattia e cura, procederò ad analizzare il contesto storico, sociale e individuale entro cui questi elementi si manifestano. In seguito, mi concentrerò sulla comprensione e problematizzazione delle politiche sistemiche dell’approccio odierno all’AN, mettendo in luce le strutture istituzionalizzate entro cui il potere biomedico viene esercitato e, a volte, ridefinito. Questi aspetti appena riportati risultano necessari ai fini di avere un inquadramento teorico dell’oggetto della mia analisi. Prima di introdurre l’effettivo campo di ricerca, sarà mio dovere mettere in risalto il mio duplice posizionamento da ricercatore, ovvero di antropologo e psicologo, nonché quali metodologie e quali criticità sono emerse nel corso del mio studio e approccio al tema. Attraverso un'autoetnografia lavorativa, cercherò dapprima di decostruire il mio sguardo di operatore sanitario per riportare la percezione delle organizzazioni sanitarie e delle regole del sistema biomedico, tramite le esperienze di altri operatori. Attraverso questo esercizio di decostruzione della mia conoscenza (biomedicalmente acquisita nel corso della mia formazione), la mia intenzione è di avvicinarmi con un nuovo posizionamento personale alle famiglie. La scelta di questi interlocutori è dovuta al rapporto spesso conflittuale tra famiglie e servizi, a causa delle profonde dinamiche di potere che il sistema biomedico porta con sé. Lo sguardo antropologico permette di comprendere come non si parli di categorie di singoli individui (pazienti, genitori, operatori), ma di corpi politici che, in quanto tali, resistono e che sono portatori di diritti e doveri specifici nella nostra società.
La partecipazione familiare alle cure individuali dell'anoressia nervosa: uno studio antropologico sulla relazione fra cittadini e servizi in Lombardia
CHINELLO, ALESSANDRO
2026
Abstract
In this research, my aim is to explore and describe the relationship between citizens and specialized healthcare services, focusing on families with a member affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) and on professionals working within specialized health services. My intent is to move beyond a purely clinical narrative and a rhetoric that tends to blame only the patients with AN for the lack of family inclusion in treatment pathways. Through the analysis of experiences and encounters within my ethnographic fieldwork, I aim to reconstruct some of the many threads that connect patients, their families, healthcare workers, and health services, seeking to make explicit the network of meanings, representations and practices that shape citizens’ relationships with healthcare services dedicated to the treatment of AN. The goal of this work is to provide an account of the actions of healthcare services and families in the field of anorexia nervosa treatment that goes beyond an academic, textbook-based and positivist narrative, and instead enters the realm of family expectations, the meanings attached to practices, and the social, organizational and cultural constraints that affect them. The core focus of my research concerns the identification of the main factors, procedures, and social actors that play a role in defining or influencing the degree of family inclusion in the care pathways offered by the healthcare system.My research hypothesis is that anorexia nervosa is a social, rather than an individual phenomenon. Therefore, anorexia nervosa, as well as any other illness, should be approached as a social fact and addressed through interdisciplinary health policies that adopt a biopolitical approach to health promotion. For this reason, the discussion of my research will be structured around several theoretical and methodological points of analysis that revisit the extensive field of studies on anorexia nervosa through an interdisciplinary lens, with particular attention to the use of ethnographic practice.In the first chapter, I will lay the groundwork for a reinterpretation of the current biomedical landscape using the tools provided by medical anthropology over the past century. Starting from a deconstruction of the concepts of illness and care. I will then analyze the historical, social and individual contexts in which these phenomena emerge. Subsequently, I will focus on understanding and problematizing the systemic policies underlying current approaches to AN, highlighting the institutional structures within which biomedical power is exercised and, at times, redefined. These aspects are essential for providing the theoretical framework of my analysis. Before introducing the actual fieldwork, I will address my dual positionality as a researcher, both as an anthropologist and as a psychologist, and I discuss the methodologies and critical issues that emerged throughout my study and engagement with the topic. Through the use of a professional autoethnographic approach, I will first attempt to deconstruct my perspective as a healthcare practitioner in order to convey the perception of healthcare organizations and the rules of the biomedical system, as experienced by other professionals in the field.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/360392
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-360392