The use of risk assessment methodology in urban sanitation infrastructure systems is an important tool for the accurate anticipation and mitigation of risks. The general objective of this work is to assess the risks and vulnerabilities of these system components, analyze the efficiency of nutrient removal through a microalgae-based treatment system and evaluate the reuse risk of urban runoff water. To assess the vulnerability risk of water treatment system’s internodes, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology proposed by Marleni et al. (2022) was adapted. The risk assessment methodology for effluent reuse employed the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method and a risk matrix stipulated by current legislation and international guidelines. The nutrient removal efficiency through microalgae was assessed using statistical methods and compared with the parameters established in current European and Italian effluent reuse legislation. The results of the vulnerability risk analysis applied in two Italian case studies demonstrate the methodology’s applicability, yielding a measurable and easily interpretable index. In cases where the resulting risk is classified as vulnerable, a more detailed risk analysis must be conducted using a risk matrix to better identify hazards and implement mitigation measures. The urban runoff water risk analysis, from a study in Brazil, indicated high-risk values for parameters such as arsenic, surfactants, cadmium, sodium, barium, and thermotolerant coliforms, among others. To enable municipal-level reuse, it is essential to implement treatment technologies capable of removing these pollutants, thereby safeguarding environmental and public health. The Italian case study involving microalgae-based effluent treatment was conducted in three distinct phases. Across all phases, low phosphate and problematic ammonia removal efficiencies were observed, alongside pH fluctuations between phases, which ultimately compromised the process performance for reuse. Finally, the risk assessment applied to the two Brazilian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was conducted based on Paraná State Council of Water Resources (CERH/PR) Legislation No. 122/2023. In the context of future interest in implementing treated water reuse practices, the Brazilian WWTPs under study, originally designed to meet the requirements for discharge into surface water bodies as per national legislation, will require a project revision to ensure compliance with the reuse parameters set forth in the specific reuse legislation. Regarding the Italian study, high risks were identified for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and Escherichia coli necessitating the adoption of specific mitigation and control measures for these contaminants.
L’impiego della metodologia di valutazione del rischio nei sistemi infrastrutturali di igiene urbana costituisce uno strumento fondamentale per l’anticipazione accurata e la mitigazione dei rischi. L’obiettivo generale di questo lavoro è valutare i rischi e le vulnerabilità dei componenti di tali sistemi, analizzare l’efficienza della rimozione dei nutrienti mediante un sistema di trattamento a base di microalghe e valutare il rischio connesso al riuso delle acque di ruscellamento urbano. Per stimare il rischio di vulnerabilità degli internodi del sistema di trattamento delle acque, è stata adattata la metodologia dell’Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) proposta da Marleni et al. (2022). La metodologia di valutazione del rischio per il riuso degli effluenti ha impiegato il metodo Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) e una matrice di rischio stabilita dalla normativa vigente e dalle linee guida internazionali. L’efficienza della rimozione dei nutrienti mediante microalghe è stata valutata attraverso metodi statistici e confrontata con i parametri stabiliti dalla normativa europea e italiana sul riuso degli effluenti. I risultati dell’analisi del rischio di vulnerabilità, applicata a due casi di studio italiani, dimostrano l’applicabilità della metodologia, producendo un indice misurabile e di facile interpretazione. Nei casi in cui il rischio risultante sia classificato come vulnerabile, è necessario condurre un’analisi più dettagliata mediante matrice di rischio, al fine di identificare meglio i pericoli e implementare misure di mitigazione. L’analisi del rischio delle acque di ruscellamento urbano, derivante da uno studio in Brasile, ha evidenziato valori di rischio elevati per parametri quali arsenico, tensioattivi, cadmio, sodio, bario e coliformi termotolleranti, tra gli altri. Per consentire il riuso a livello municipale, è indispensabile implementare tecnologie di trattamento capaci di rimuovere tali inquinanti, salvaguardando così la salute ambientale e pubblica. Il caso di studio italiano relativo al trattamento degli effluenti mediante microalghe è stato condotto in tre fasi distinte. In tutte le fasi sono state osservate basse efficienze di rimozione dei fosfati e problematiche nella rimozione dell’ammoniaca, accompagnate da fluttuazioni del pH tra le fasi, che hanno compromesso la performance complessiva del processo ai fini del riuso. Infine, la valutazione del rischio applicata a due impianti di trattamento delle acque reflue (WWTP) brasiliani è stata condotta sulla base della Delibera n. 122/2023 del Consiglio Statale delle Risorse Idriche del Paraná (CERH/PR). Nel contesto di un futuro interesse per l’implementazione di pratiche di riuso delle acque trattate, gli impianti brasiliani oggetto di studio, originariamente progettati per soddisfare i requisiti di scarico nei corpi idrici superficiali secondo la normativa nazionale, necessiteranno di una revisione progettuale per garantire la conformità ai parametri di riuso stabiliti dalla normativa specifica. Per quanto riguarda lo studio italiano, sono stati identificati rischi elevati per solidi sospesi totali (TSS), domanda biochimica di ossigeno (BOD) ed Escherichia coli, rendendo necessaria l’adozione di misure specifiche di mitigazione e controllo per tali contaminanti.
Assessment and management of health and environmental risks of infrastructures and complex systems of the integrated water service [Valutazione e gestione dei rischi sanitari e ambientali delle infrastrutture e dei sistemi complessi del servizio idrico integrato]
JARETA MAGNA, DEBORA
2026
Abstract
The use of risk assessment methodology in urban sanitation infrastructure systems is an important tool for the accurate anticipation and mitigation of risks. The general objective of this work is to assess the risks and vulnerabilities of these system components, analyze the efficiency of nutrient removal through a microalgae-based treatment system and evaluate the reuse risk of urban runoff water. To assess the vulnerability risk of water treatment system’s internodes, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology proposed by Marleni et al. (2022) was adapted. The risk assessment methodology for effluent reuse employed the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method and a risk matrix stipulated by current legislation and international guidelines. The nutrient removal efficiency through microalgae was assessed using statistical methods and compared with the parameters established in current European and Italian effluent reuse legislation. The results of the vulnerability risk analysis applied in two Italian case studies demonstrate the methodology’s applicability, yielding a measurable and easily interpretable index. In cases where the resulting risk is classified as vulnerable, a more detailed risk analysis must be conducted using a risk matrix to better identify hazards and implement mitigation measures. The urban runoff water risk analysis, from a study in Brazil, indicated high-risk values for parameters such as arsenic, surfactants, cadmium, sodium, barium, and thermotolerant coliforms, among others. To enable municipal-level reuse, it is essential to implement treatment technologies capable of removing these pollutants, thereby safeguarding environmental and public health. The Italian case study involving microalgae-based effluent treatment was conducted in three distinct phases. Across all phases, low phosphate and problematic ammonia removal efficiencies were observed, alongside pH fluctuations between phases, which ultimately compromised the process performance for reuse. Finally, the risk assessment applied to the two Brazilian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was conducted based on Paraná State Council of Water Resources (CERH/PR) Legislation No. 122/2023. In the context of future interest in implementing treated water reuse practices, the Brazilian WWTPs under study, originally designed to meet the requirements for discharge into surface water bodies as per national legislation, will require a project revision to ensure compliance with the reuse parameters set forth in the specific reuse legislation. Regarding the Italian study, high risks were identified for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and Escherichia coli necessitating the adoption of specific mitigation and control measures for these contaminants.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/360631
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-360631