This PhD thesis work reports the research activities focused on the evaluation of Thermal Desorption (TD) as a remediation technology for contaminated soils and sediments, with a particular emphasis on the integration of renewable energy sources into the process. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that TD is highly effective even in matrices with significant hydrocarbons contamination, achieving regulatory compliance within optimized low-temperature operating conditions. In parallel, the study explored the potential of biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis as a sustainable adsorbent material useful to manage the desorbed pollutants, highlighting its promising performance as an alternative to conventional activated carbon in Vapour Treatment Units. The second core activity of the thesis involved advanced numerical modelling and simulation, performed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using Ansys Fluent and customizing simulation through User-Defined Functions (UDFs), to design a renewable-driven TD system. The proposed configuration studied, in reference to the specific coordinates of Gela (CL, Italy), was based on the coupling of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system, specifically the parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and Therminol-VP1 as heat transfer fluid (HTF), with conduction heating tubes, drawing inspiration from existing industrial TD solutions to remediate hydrocarbon contaminated solid matrix, while extending the approach to renewable integration. The modelling approach required several simplifying assumptions to manage the complexity of the heat transfer processes involved, but it successfully demonstrated the feasibility of replacing conventional fossil-based energy inputs with solar thermal energy. Furthermore, the study investigated an alternative scenario in which the same heating tube was repurposed as a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) system, underscoring the dual applicability of the design for both remediation and geothermal storage as site reuse option. The overall results confirm that TD, when combined with solar thermal technologies, can be considered a viable and sustainable remediation strategy. The simulations indicate that a scalable design is technically achievable, while the preliminary economic assessment highlights the potential competitiveness of such systems if supported by optimized design and future cost reductions. This research thus provides a foundational contribution to advancing TD towards pilot-scale and large-scale applications powered by renewable energy, addressing both the energy intensity and environmental footprint of conventional thermal treatments that usually involves the use of fossil fuels.
In questa tesi di dottorato vengono riportate le attività di ricerca incentrate sulla valutazione del Desorbimento Termico (DT) come tecnologia di bonifica di suoli e sedimenti contaminati, con particolare attenzione all'integrazione di fonti energetiche rinnovabili nel processo. Indagini di laboratorio hanno dimostrato che il DT è altamente efficace anche in matrici con significativa contaminazione da idrocarburi, rispettando i requisiti normativi in condizioni operative ottimizzate a bassa temperatura. Parallelamente, lo studio ha esplorato il potenziale di biochar derivato dalla pirolisi di biomasse, utilizzato come materiale adsorbente sostenibile per gestire gli inquinanti desorbiti, evidenziandone le prestazioni promettenti come alternativa ai convenzionali carboni attivi nelle Unità di Trattamento dei Vapori. La seconda parte della tesi ha riguardato attività di modellazione numerica avanzata e simulazione, eseguite mediante fluidodinamica computazionale (CFD) con Ansys Fluent e tramite personalizzazione delle simulazioni mediante User-Defined Functions (UDF), per progettare un sistema di DT alimentato da fonti rinnovabili. La configurazione proposta, studiata con riferimento alle coordinate geografiche specifiche di Gela (CL, Italia), si basa sull’accoppiamento di un sistema energetico con solare a concentrazione, in particolare i collettori parabolici lineari e Therminol-VP1 come fluido termovettore, con tubi di riscaldamento conduttivo, traendo ispirazione da soluzioni industriali esistenti di DT per la bonifica di matrici solide contaminate da idrocarburi, ma estendendo al contempo l’approccio all’integrazione di energie rinnovabili. La fase di modellazione ha richiesto diverse ipotesi semplificative per gestire la complessità dei processi di trasferimento di calore coinvolti, ma ha dimostrato con successo la fattibilità per la sostituzione dei sistemi energetici convenzionali e di origine fossile con sistemi ad energia solare termica. Inoltre, è stato studiato uno scenario alternativo in cui il medesimo tubo di riscaldamento è stato riutilizzato come sistema geotermico "Borehole Thermal Energy Storage" (BTES), evidenziando la doppia applicabilità del modello configurato sia per la bonifica sia per lo stoccaggio geotermico come opzione di riutilizzo del sito. I risultati finali confermano che il DT, se combinato con tecnologie solari termiche, può essere considerato una strategia di bonifica valida e sostenibile. Le simulazioni indicano che una soluzione progettuale scalabile è tecnicamente realizzabile, mentre la valutazione economica preliminare evidenzia la potenziale competitività di tali sistemi se supportati da un progetto ottimizzato e da futuri abbattimenti dei costi. Questa ricerca fornisce quindi un contributo fondamentale all’avanzamento del DT verso applicazioni in scala pilota e in larga scala alimentate da energie rinnovabili, ottimizzando sia l’intensità energetica sia l’impatto ambientale dei trattamenti termici convenzionali che solitamente implicano l’uso di combustibili fossili.
New technology for thermal desorption feeding with concentrating solar power (csp) system [Nuove tecnologie per il desorbimento termico alimentato con solare a concentrazione]
LICITRA, ENRICO
2026
Abstract
This PhD thesis work reports the research activities focused on the evaluation of Thermal Desorption (TD) as a remediation technology for contaminated soils and sediments, with a particular emphasis on the integration of renewable energy sources into the process. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that TD is highly effective even in matrices with significant hydrocarbons contamination, achieving regulatory compliance within optimized low-temperature operating conditions. In parallel, the study explored the potential of biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis as a sustainable adsorbent material useful to manage the desorbed pollutants, highlighting its promising performance as an alternative to conventional activated carbon in Vapour Treatment Units. The second core activity of the thesis involved advanced numerical modelling and simulation, performed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using Ansys Fluent and customizing simulation through User-Defined Functions (UDFs), to design a renewable-driven TD system. The proposed configuration studied, in reference to the specific coordinates of Gela (CL, Italy), was based on the coupling of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system, specifically the parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and Therminol-VP1 as heat transfer fluid (HTF), with conduction heating tubes, drawing inspiration from existing industrial TD solutions to remediate hydrocarbon contaminated solid matrix, while extending the approach to renewable integration. The modelling approach required several simplifying assumptions to manage the complexity of the heat transfer processes involved, but it successfully demonstrated the feasibility of replacing conventional fossil-based energy inputs with solar thermal energy. Furthermore, the study investigated an alternative scenario in which the same heating tube was repurposed as a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) system, underscoring the dual applicability of the design for both remediation and geothermal storage as site reuse option. The overall results confirm that TD, when combined with solar thermal technologies, can be considered a viable and sustainable remediation strategy. The simulations indicate that a scalable design is technically achievable, while the preliminary economic assessment highlights the potential competitiveness of such systems if supported by optimized design and future cost reductions. This research thus provides a foundational contribution to advancing TD towards pilot-scale and large-scale applications powered by renewable energy, addressing both the energy intensity and environmental footprint of conventional thermal treatments that usually involves the use of fossil fuels.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Licitra-Thesis.pdf
accesso aperto
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
4.36 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.36 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/360635
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-360635