The research project aims to propose a methodology of analysis and intervention for the protection and safeguarding of historic buildings, taking into account the energy characteristics and historical-constructive specificities of the Defence infrastructure heritage. The overall objective is to create an innovative protocol for monitoring and governance of this heritage, enabling the application of scalable functional and logistical models across the national territory. The ultimate goal is not only the energy improvement of existing buildings, but the development of an approach capable of identifying the most suitable interventions through a process grounded in in-depth knowledge of the assets under study. To pursue this goal, a substantial codification effort has been undertaken, with particular attention to the survey of the historical typological models developed over time by the Military Engineering Corps. Given the variety of the Defence infrastructural stock—including assets belonging to the Army, Air Force, and Navy—the research focuses on a representative building typology of the Army: pavilion barracks. Pavilion barracks constitute a typology widely present throughout the Italian military landscape, due to their strong prevalence and serial construction. These complexes are characterised by multiple buildings (casermette), generally of equal size and arranged in a “U-shaped” configuration along the sides of the parade ground, typically with gable roofs. Usually, the Command Headquarters—with its monumental entrance—is located on one of the short sides of the parade ground, while service buildings such as canteens, kitchens and mess halls occupy the opposite side (Paolini, Le caserme unitarie: progetto e costruzione, 2007). Designed for troop training, these structures were built far from urban centres, with ample areas dedicated to military exercises. The research focuses on a representative building of the typology described above, selected as a case study: the Caserma Alberto Riva Villasanta in Cagliari. Situated between the San Bartolomeo hill and Viale Poetto, it belongs to the context of military architecture built between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although the exact construction date is still unknown, the reference timeframe has been reconstructed and lies between 1930 and 1940. The Riva Villasanta Barracks has been chosen as a pilot site for redevelopment programmes. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology that balances heritage conservation needs with the necessity to address natural risks and comply with modern energy regulations. The proposed methodology includes a distinct analysis of the building’s historical and energy components, which will later be integrated into a final matrix. This approach will make it possible to outline an intervention plan that respects historical and cultural values while meeting contemporary requirements of efficiency and sustainability. A further case study is located in Naarden, in the Netherlands, a site situated in a climatic zone different from that of the two Italian buildings. This climatic diversification provides the opportunity to test the validity of the methodological framework in a context that differs from the Mediterranean climate. During the research period at Delft University, the focus was placed on Naarden, a fortified city considered a masterpiece of Dutch military engineering. Located about 25 kilometres from Amsterdam, Naarden is renowned for its history and unique architectural heritage, and has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Dutch Water Defence Line. The final objective of the thesis is to develop an integrated method for the energy retrofitting of historic buildings—particularly military architecture—that reconciles the need to preserve the historical and cultural value of the built heritage with contemporary demands for energy efficiency. The guidelines, presented as the concluding output of the thesis, are the result of a detailed analysis of the architectural and functional specificities of military buildings. Their purpose is to provide an operational framework that enables calibrated interventions respectful of each building’s character, promoting energy-improvement solutions that reflect both their historical significance and modern comfort requirements. Although rooted in extensive research, these guidelines are conceived as a dynamic tool, open to future updates, with the aim of adapting to ongoing developments in knowledge and practice in the field of conservation and enhancement of existing buildings, particularly historic structures serving military functions.
Il progetto di ricerca intende proporre una metodologia di analisi e intervento per la tutela e la protezione del costruito storico, che tenga conto delle peculiarità energetiche e storico-costruttive del patrimonio infrastrutturale della Difesa. L’obiettivo generale è creare un protocollo innovativo di monitoraggio e governance del patrimonio, che consenta di applicare modelli funzionali e logistici scalabili su tutto il territorio nazionale. Il fine ultimo non è solo il miglioramento energetico degli edifici esistenti, ma l’elaborazione di un approccio che permetta di definire gli interventi più idonei, attraverso un processo basato sulla conoscenza approfondita dei beni oggetto di studio. Nel perseguire tale obiettivo, è stato condotto un lavoro di codifica, con particolare attenzione alla ricognizione dei modelli tipologici storici sviluppati nel tempo dal Genio Militare. Data la varietà del parco infrastrutturale della Difesa – che comprende Esercito, Aeronautica e Marina – la ricerca si concentrerà su una tipologia di edifici rappresentative dell’Esercito: le caserme a padiglioni. Le caserme a padiglioni sono una tipologia che, grazie alla sua forte predominanza e modalità seriale di edificazione, è presente in diversi contesti del panorama identitario militare italiano. Questi compendi si caratterizzano per la presenza di più corpi di fabbrica (casermette) generalmente di uguale dimensione e con conformazione a "U", allineati ai lati della piazza d’armi, dotati di copertura a doppia falda. Solitamente, il Palazzo del Comando, con ingresso monumentale, è posizionato su un lato corto della piazza d’armi, mentre sull’altro lato si trovano altri fabbricati di servizio, come mensa, cucina e refettori (Paolini, Le caserme unitarie: progetto e costruzione 2007). Concepite per l’addestramento dei reparti, queste strutture erano realizzate lontane dai centri abitati, con ampie aree per le esercitazioni. La ricerca si concentrerà su un edificio rappresentativo della tipologia di patrimonio sopra descritta, scelto come caso di studio: la Caserma Alberto Riva Villasanta a Cagliari. Inserita nel contesto delle architetture militari costruite tra la fine dell’Ottocento e l’inizio del Novecento, la caserma si trova tra il colle di San Bartolomeo e il Viale Poetto. Sebbene la datazione esatta della costruzione non sia ancora nota, l'arco cronologico di riferimento è stato ricostruito e si colloca tra il 1930 e il 1940. La Caserma Riva Villasanta è stata selezionata come sito pilota per ospitare programmi di rifunzionalizzazione. L’obiettivo della ricerca è sviluppare una metodologia che bilanci le esigenze di conservazione del patrimonio con la necessità di rispondere ai rischi naturali e di adeguarsi alle normative energetiche moderne. La metodologia proposta prevede un'analisi distinta delle componenti storiche ed energetiche dell’edificio, che saranno successivamente integrate in una matrice finale. Questo approccio permetterà di delineare un piano di intervento capace di rispettare i valori storico-culturali, rispondendo al tempo stesso alle esigenze contemporanee di efficienza e sostenibilità. Un ulteriore caso di studio si trova a Naarden, nei Paesi Bassi, una località situata in una zona climatica differente rispetto a quella dei due edifici italiani. Questa diversificazione climatica rappresenta un’opportunità per testare la validità della prassi metodologica in un contesto che si distacca dal clima mediterraneo. Durante il periodo di studio all’Università di Delft, la ricerca si è focalizzata su Naarden, una città fortificata considerata un capolavoro dell’arte militare olandese. Situata a circa 25 chilometri da Amsterdam, Naarden è nota per la sua storia e il suo patrimonio architettonico unico, ed è stata riconosciuta come patrimonio dell'umanità dall'UNESCO, insieme alla storica Nuova Linea di Galleggiamento Olandese. L’obiettivo finale della tesi è quello di sviluppare un metodo integrato per la riqualificazione energetica degli edifici storici, con particolare riferimento alle architetture militari, che possa conciliare la necessità di preservare il valore storico e culturale del patrimonio edilizio con le esigenze contemporanee di efficienza energetica. Le linee guida, che si propongono come esito conclusivo del lavoro di tesi, rappresentano il risultato di un’attenta analisi delle specificità architettoniche e funzionali delle architetture militari. Il fine ultimo è fornire un quadro operativo che permetta di intervenire in modo calibrato e rispettoso del carattere di ciascun edificio, promuovendo soluzioni di risanamento energetico che rispecchino tanto la storia quanto le esigenze di comfort moderno. Queste linee guida, pur essendo il frutto di un percorso di ricerca approfondito, sono pensate come uno strumento dinamico e suscettibile di aggiornamenti futuri, con l’obiettivo di adattarsi ai continui sviluppi delle conoscenze e delle pratiche nell’ambito della conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio edilizio esistente, in particolare delle strutture storiche ad uso militare.
Tutela, transizione ecologica e riqualificazione sostenibile del patrimonio storico della difesa. Protocolli integrati per il monitoraggio e la gestione.
LEONI, GIULIA
2026
Abstract
The research project aims to propose a methodology of analysis and intervention for the protection and safeguarding of historic buildings, taking into account the energy characteristics and historical-constructive specificities of the Defence infrastructure heritage. The overall objective is to create an innovative protocol for monitoring and governance of this heritage, enabling the application of scalable functional and logistical models across the national territory. The ultimate goal is not only the energy improvement of existing buildings, but the development of an approach capable of identifying the most suitable interventions through a process grounded in in-depth knowledge of the assets under study. To pursue this goal, a substantial codification effort has been undertaken, with particular attention to the survey of the historical typological models developed over time by the Military Engineering Corps. Given the variety of the Defence infrastructural stock—including assets belonging to the Army, Air Force, and Navy—the research focuses on a representative building typology of the Army: pavilion barracks. Pavilion barracks constitute a typology widely present throughout the Italian military landscape, due to their strong prevalence and serial construction. These complexes are characterised by multiple buildings (casermette), generally of equal size and arranged in a “U-shaped” configuration along the sides of the parade ground, typically with gable roofs. Usually, the Command Headquarters—with its monumental entrance—is located on one of the short sides of the parade ground, while service buildings such as canteens, kitchens and mess halls occupy the opposite side (Paolini, Le caserme unitarie: progetto e costruzione, 2007). Designed for troop training, these structures were built far from urban centres, with ample areas dedicated to military exercises. The research focuses on a representative building of the typology described above, selected as a case study: the Caserma Alberto Riva Villasanta in Cagliari. Situated between the San Bartolomeo hill and Viale Poetto, it belongs to the context of military architecture built between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although the exact construction date is still unknown, the reference timeframe has been reconstructed and lies between 1930 and 1940. The Riva Villasanta Barracks has been chosen as a pilot site for redevelopment programmes. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology that balances heritage conservation needs with the necessity to address natural risks and comply with modern energy regulations. The proposed methodology includes a distinct analysis of the building’s historical and energy components, which will later be integrated into a final matrix. This approach will make it possible to outline an intervention plan that respects historical and cultural values while meeting contemporary requirements of efficiency and sustainability. A further case study is located in Naarden, in the Netherlands, a site situated in a climatic zone different from that of the two Italian buildings. This climatic diversification provides the opportunity to test the validity of the methodological framework in a context that differs from the Mediterranean climate. During the research period at Delft University, the focus was placed on Naarden, a fortified city considered a masterpiece of Dutch military engineering. Located about 25 kilometres from Amsterdam, Naarden is renowned for its history and unique architectural heritage, and has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Dutch Water Defence Line. The final objective of the thesis is to develop an integrated method for the energy retrofitting of historic buildings—particularly military architecture—that reconciles the need to preserve the historical and cultural value of the built heritage with contemporary demands for energy efficiency. The guidelines, presented as the concluding output of the thesis, are the result of a detailed analysis of the architectural and functional specificities of military buildings. Their purpose is to provide an operational framework that enables calibrated interventions respectful of each building’s character, promoting energy-improvement solutions that reflect both their historical significance and modern comfort requirements. Although rooted in extensive research, these guidelines are conceived as a dynamic tool, open to future updates, with the aim of adapting to ongoing developments in knowledge and practice in the field of conservation and enhancement of existing buildings, particularly historic structures serving military functions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/360650
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-360650