Despite the increasing power of corporations over the life and daily needs of individuals and their consequent increasing impacts on human rights, international law still provides very few rules binding corporations with obligations related to the protection of people. In this context, academic literature has exerted meaningful efforts towards discussing the appropriateness of creating similar obligations for corporations and the mechanisms to do so. Relatively little discussion, by comparison, has emerged in relation to the possible functioning of those obligations once adopted, as the difficulties in finding obligations for corporate actors them have hindered the identification of legal grounds upon which to mount such analysis. The set of international norms regulating activities in the Area in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides such ground: a unique regime creating a multi-layered, multi-actor system of international obligations for the protection of people posed both on States and corporate actors, it offers the conditions to examine the characteristics of both typologies of obligations. Through this particular legal framework, this thesis will analyse the construction of State and corporate obligations, separately and in conversation with each other. Based on this comprehensive view, it will assess the functioning of corporate obligations and their interactions with State obligations against the State-based theoretical frameworks traditionally utilised to determine the scope and content of obligations in international law. The aim will be to evaluate whether the legal notions constructing such frameworks can be adequately translated to address the specificities of obligatory burdens posed on corporate actors and the challenges of coordinating their operation with existing State obligations. Conducting this exercise in a circumscribed regime raises questions regarding the sectorial nature of the findings and their applicability to other regimes of international rules (existing or prospective) posing international obligations on corporations for the protection of human rights. In light of this, this thesis will further assess the suitability of theoretical frameworks elaborated to analyse the obligations of corporations in the Area against existing systems of corporate duties constructed in soft-law instruments of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), as they represent the current consensus of the international community over expectations of conduct for corporate actors and initiatives to either turn the entire frameworks of these systems into binding instruments or to integrate them into existing binding instruments are increasingly emerging.
Nonostante il crescente potere delle imprese sulle vite e sulle esigenze quotidiane degli individui e il conseguente impatto sui loro diritti umani, il diritto internazionale prevede ancora pochissime norme che impongono alle stesse obblighi relativi alla protezione delle persone. In questo contesto, la letteratura accademica ha compiuto svolto discussioni significative circa l'opportunità di creare obblighi di questo tipo in capo alle imprese e i meccanismi per ottenere questo risultato. Al contrario, il possibile funzionamento di tali obblighi una volta adottati ha ricevuto relativamente poche attenzioni, poiché la difficoltà di trovare gli obblighi delle imprese ha ostacolato l'individuazione di fondamenti giuridici su cui basare tale analisi. L'insieme di norme internazionali che regolano le attività nell'Area nella Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare (UNCLOS) fornisce tale fondamento: un regime unico che crea un sistema multilivello e multi-attoriale di obblighi internazionali per la protezione delle persone, imposti sia a Stati che a imprese, offre le condizioni per esaminare le caratteristiche di entrambe le tipologie di obblighi. Attraverso questo particolare quadro giuridico, la presente tesi analizzerà la costruzione degli obblighi degli Stati e delle imprese, separatamente e in relazione tra loro. Sulla base di questa visione globale, valuterà il funzionamento degli obblighi delle imprese e le loro interazioni con gli obblighi degli Stati sulla base di nozioni teoriche normalmente usate dal diritto internazionale per determinare il contenuto e l’estensione degli obblighi degli Stati. L'obiettivo sarà quello di valutare se i concetti giuridici alla base di tali nozioni possano essere adeguatamente tradotti per affrontare le specificità degli obblighi imposti alle imprese e le sfide legate al coordinamento del loro funzionamento con gli obblighi statali esistenti. Condurre questo esercizio in un regime circoscritto solleva interrogativi circa la natura settoriale dei risultati e la loro applicabilità ad altri regimi di norme internazionali (esistenti o futuri) che impongono alle imprese obblighi internazionali in materia di protezione delle persone e dei diritti umani. Alla luce di ciò, la presente tesi valuterà l'idoneità dei quadri teorici elaborati per analizzare gli obblighi delle imprese nell'Area rispetto ai sistemi di obblighi sociali per le imprese costruiti in strumenti di soft law nel settore della Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), in quanto rappresentano l'attuale consenso della comunità internazionale sulle aspettative di condotta degli attori aziendali e le iniziative volte a trasformarli in strumenti vincolanti o a integrarli negli strumenti vincolanti esistenti sono sempre più frequenti.
State and corporate obligations for the protection of people in relation to activities in the Area
LOSI, GIULIA
2026
Abstract
Despite the increasing power of corporations over the life and daily needs of individuals and their consequent increasing impacts on human rights, international law still provides very few rules binding corporations with obligations related to the protection of people. In this context, academic literature has exerted meaningful efforts towards discussing the appropriateness of creating similar obligations for corporations and the mechanisms to do so. Relatively little discussion, by comparison, has emerged in relation to the possible functioning of those obligations once adopted, as the difficulties in finding obligations for corporate actors them have hindered the identification of legal grounds upon which to mount such analysis. The set of international norms regulating activities in the Area in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides such ground: a unique regime creating a multi-layered, multi-actor system of international obligations for the protection of people posed both on States and corporate actors, it offers the conditions to examine the characteristics of both typologies of obligations. Through this particular legal framework, this thesis will analyse the construction of State and corporate obligations, separately and in conversation with each other. Based on this comprehensive view, it will assess the functioning of corporate obligations and their interactions with State obligations against the State-based theoretical frameworks traditionally utilised to determine the scope and content of obligations in international law. The aim will be to evaluate whether the legal notions constructing such frameworks can be adequately translated to address the specificities of obligatory burdens posed on corporate actors and the challenges of coordinating their operation with existing State obligations. Conducting this exercise in a circumscribed regime raises questions regarding the sectorial nature of the findings and their applicability to other regimes of international rules (existing or prospective) posing international obligations on corporations for the protection of human rights. In light of this, this thesis will further assess the suitability of theoretical frameworks elaborated to analyse the obligations of corporations in the Area against existing systems of corporate duties constructed in soft-law instruments of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), as they represent the current consensus of the international community over expectations of conduct for corporate actors and initiatives to either turn the entire frameworks of these systems into binding instruments or to integrate them into existing binding instruments are increasingly emerging.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
phd_unimib_790584.pdf
embargo fino al 16/03/2029
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
2.11 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/361051
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-361051