This dissertation investigates the interplay between logic, belief, and music through a threefold structure, conceived as three “movements.” The first movement explores the philosophical roots of non-classical reasoning, beginning with Hume’s notion of vivacity and Wittgenstein’s reflections on probability. Their insights are connected to the framework of supraclassical logics, emphasizing how logical systems can be extended beyond the limits of classical closure by incorporating beliefs.The second movement develops Fractional Semantics, a proof-theoretic approach introduced by Piazza and Pulcini, and extends it with the notion of beliefs. By introducing the distinction between Full and Revisable Beliefs—modeled through hyperreal numbers—the system captures the dynamics of belief revision while preserving cut-elimination and decidability. Applications include a formal treatment of the Lottery Paradox, showing how it dissolves within this framework, and an account of belief change operations.The third movement applies proof-theoretic methods to music theory, focusing on the Lambek Calculus and its extensions. By adapting structural rules and introducing labelled versions of the calculus, the work provides a logical account of harmonic analysis and compositional processes. Case studies on jazz standards demonstrate how depth and complexity of an analysis can be measured proof-theoretically, opening new perspectives on the relation between logic and musical structure.Overall, the dissertation proposes a unified framework where philosophical insights, formal logic, and musical analysis converge. It highlights how logical tools not only address classical problems in epistemology and probability, but also offer novel approaches to understanding the grammar of music.
Questa tesi indaga l’interazione tra logica, credenza e musica attraverso una struttura tripartita, concepita come tre “movimenti”. Il primo movimento esplora le radici filosofiche del ragionamento non classico, a partire dalla nozione di vivacità in Hume e dalle riflessioni di Wittgenstein sulla probabilità. Le loro intuizioni vengono collegate al quadro delle logiche sopraclassiche, mettendo in luce come i sistemi logici possano estendersi oltre i limiti della chiusura classica attraverso l’inclusione delle credenze. Il secondo movimento sviluppa la Fractional Semantics, un approccio proof-teoretico introdotto da Piazza e Pulcini, estendendolo con la nozione di credenza. Introducendo la distinzione tra Credenze Piene e Credenze Rivedibili — modellate tramite numeri iperreali — il sistema riesce a descrivere la dinamica della revisione delle credenze, preservando al contempo l’eliminazione del taglio e la decidibilità. Tra le applicazioni si trovano un trattamento formale del Paradosso della Lotteria, che si dissolve all’interno di questo quadro, e un’analisi delle operazioni di cambiamento delle credenze. Il terzo movimento applica metodi proof-teoretici alla teoria musicale, concentrandosi sul Lambek Calculus e le sue estensioni. Attraverso l’adattamento di regole strutturali e l’introduzione di versioni etichettate del calcolo, il lavoro offre un resoconto logico dell’analisi armonica e dei processi compositivi. Casi di studio su standard jazzistici mostrano come la profondità e la complessità di un’analisi possano essere misurate in termini proof-teoretici, aprendo nuove prospettive sul rapporto tra logica e struttura musicale. Nel complesso, la tesi propone un quadro unificato in cui intuizioni filosofiche, logica formale e analisi musicale convergono. Essa mette in evidenza come gli strumenti logici non solo affrontino problemi classici di epistemologia e probabilità, ma offrano anche approcci inediti alla comprensione della grammatica della musica.
In Three Movements: Beliefs, Logic, Music
BIZZARRI, Matteo
2026
Abstract
This dissertation investigates the interplay between logic, belief, and music through a threefold structure, conceived as three “movements.” The first movement explores the philosophical roots of non-classical reasoning, beginning with Hume’s notion of vivacity and Wittgenstein’s reflections on probability. Their insights are connected to the framework of supraclassical logics, emphasizing how logical systems can be extended beyond the limits of classical closure by incorporating beliefs.The second movement develops Fractional Semantics, a proof-theoretic approach introduced by Piazza and Pulcini, and extends it with the notion of beliefs. By introducing the distinction between Full and Revisable Beliefs—modeled through hyperreal numbers—the system captures the dynamics of belief revision while preserving cut-elimination and decidability. Applications include a formal treatment of the Lottery Paradox, showing how it dissolves within this framework, and an account of belief change operations.The third movement applies proof-theoretic methods to music theory, focusing on the Lambek Calculus and its extensions. By adapting structural rules and introducing labelled versions of the calculus, the work provides a logical account of harmonic analysis and compositional processes. Case studies on jazz standards demonstrate how depth and complexity of an analysis can be measured proof-theoretically, opening new perspectives on the relation between logic and musical structure.Overall, the dissertation proposes a unified framework where philosophical insights, formal logic, and musical analysis converge. It highlights how logical tools not only address classical problems in epistemology and probability, but also offer novel approaches to understanding the grammar of music.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/361787
URN:NBN:IT:SNS-361787