Innovative Antenna Architectures: Circularly Polarized Solutions for Space Surveillance and a Broadband Biconical Dipole for Electromagnetic Exposure Assessment

The work presented in this Thesis was carried out within an industrial doctoral program developed in collaboration with the University of Pisa and Free Space S.r.l., focusing on advanced antenna systems for space sensing and biomedical applications. The research addresses the design and experimental validation of innovative antenna architectures that combine high performance, compactness, and reliability. The first part focuses on circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas, including Fabry–Perot, stacked, and metasurface-based configurations, optimized for enhanced gain, radiation efficiency, and low-profile integration within an array environment fully defined in the second part of the Thesis. This work is part of a project aimed at developing the receiving part of a bistatic radar system. The final part presents a broadband biconical dipole antenna for SAR measurements, ensuring stable performance for electromagnetic exposure assessments in compliance with international standards. Overall, the Thesis demonstrates how industrially driven research can translate advanced electromagnetic design into validated, application-ready antenna systems, connecting scientific innovation with practical engineering solutions.