Climate Change is reshaping the global food system in an unprecedented fashion. Weather patterns have become more erratic, and extreme events are becoming increasingly common. Agriculture is now facing risks on a scale that farmers and institutions have never previously had to manage. These shocks reverberate through every aspect of food security. Meanwhile, population growth, market turbulence, political tensions, and long-standing structural weaknesses in agrifood systems are making these pressures even harder to absorb. In this evolving landscape, agricultural insurance is becoming increasingly important as one of the few tools capable of providing farmers, governments, and supply chain actors with some breathing space. This thesis analyzes how different forms of agricultural insurance respond to increasing climate pressure and where their operational limitations lie. Starting from the effects of climate on global food security – with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries, where recurring shocks fuel cycles of vulnerability that are difficult to break – the work critically examines the landscape of insurance instruments available today, comparing their approaches, performance, strengths, and weaknesses. The research also explores the complementary role of shock-responsive financing mechanisms for acute food crises, presenting the Financing for Shock-Driven Food Crises Facility (FSFC) as a new integrated model of anticipatory action and rapid response. The thesis analyzes its governance architecture, operating principles, and financial model within a broader ex-ante disaster risk financing system. Overall, the thesis argues that agricultural insurance can only reach its full potential if it is integrated into coordinated social protection and risk management systems. Strengthening data infrastructure, reducing basis risk, improving product design, and expanding blended finance mechanisms are essential elements for developing scalable solutions that can protect small producers, stabilize markets, and reduce the humanitarian impact of climate crises. The conclusions outline strategic directions for aligning agricultural insurance, advance financing, and climate-resilient development pathways.
Il cambiamento climatico sta ridefinendo il sistema alimentare globale con modalità senza precedenti. I regimi meteorologici hanno assunto un andamento più irregolare e gli eventi estremi stanno diventando sempre più frequenti. L’agricoltura si trova ora ad affrontare rischi di una portata che gli agricoltori e le istituzioni non hanno mai dovuto gestire in passato. Questi shock si ripercuotono su ogni aspetto della sicurezza alimentare. Nel frattempo, la crescita demografica, le turbolenze dei mercati, le tensioni politiche e le debolezze strutturali di lunga data dei sistemi agroalimentari rendono queste pressioni ancora più difficili da fronteggiare. In questo panorama in evoluzione, l’assicurazione agricola sta diventando sempre più importante come uno dei pochi strumenti in grado di fornire agli agricoltori, ai governi e agli attori della catena di approvvigionamento margini di manovra. La tesi analizza le diverse forme di assicurazione agricola e la loro risposta alle crescenti pressioni climatiche, individuandone i limiti operativi. Partendo dagli effetti del clima sulla sicurezza alimentare globale – con un focus particolare sui paesi a basso e medio reddito, dove gli shock ricorrenti alimentano cicli di vulnerabilità difficili da interrompere – il lavoro esamina criticamente il panorama degli strumenti assicurativi oggi disponibili, confrontandone approcci, prestazioni, punti di forza e punti deboli. La ricerca esplora inoltre il ruolo complementare dei meccanismi di finanziamento reattivi agli shock per le crisi alimentari acute, presentando il Financing for Shock-Driven Food Crises Facility (FSFC) come un nuovo modello integrato di azione preventiva e risposta rapida. La tesi ne analizza l’architettura di governance, i principi operativi e il modello finanziario all’interno di un più ampio sistema di finanziamento ex ante del rischio di catastrofi. Nel complesso, la tesi sostiene che l’assicurazione agricola può raggiungere il suo pieno potenziale solo se integrata in sistemi coordinati di protezione sociale e gestione del rischio. Il rafforzamento dell’infrastruttura dei dati, la riduzione del rischio di base, il miglioramento della progettazione dei prodotti e l’espansione dei meccanismi di finanziamento misto sono elementi essenziali per lo sviluppo di soluzioni scalabili in grado di proteggere i piccoli produttori, stabilizzare i mercati e ridurre l’impatto umanitario delle crisi climatiche. Le conclusioni delineano le direzioni strategiche per allineare l’assicurazione agricola, il finanziamento anticipato e i percorsi di sviluppo resilienti al clima.
Agricultural Insurance instrument to the test of climate change
Martina, Maurizio
2026
Abstract
Climate Change is reshaping the global food system in an unprecedented fashion. Weather patterns have become more erratic, and extreme events are becoming increasingly common. Agriculture is now facing risks on a scale that farmers and institutions have never previously had to manage. These shocks reverberate through every aspect of food security. Meanwhile, population growth, market turbulence, political tensions, and long-standing structural weaknesses in agrifood systems are making these pressures even harder to absorb. In this evolving landscape, agricultural insurance is becoming increasingly important as one of the few tools capable of providing farmers, governments, and supply chain actors with some breathing space. This thesis analyzes how different forms of agricultural insurance respond to increasing climate pressure and where their operational limitations lie. Starting from the effects of climate on global food security – with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries, where recurring shocks fuel cycles of vulnerability that are difficult to break – the work critically examines the landscape of insurance instruments available today, comparing their approaches, performance, strengths, and weaknesses. The research also explores the complementary role of shock-responsive financing mechanisms for acute food crises, presenting the Financing for Shock-Driven Food Crises Facility (FSFC) as a new integrated model of anticipatory action and rapid response. The thesis analyzes its governance architecture, operating principles, and financial model within a broader ex-ante disaster risk financing system. Overall, the thesis argues that agricultural insurance can only reach its full potential if it is integrated into coordinated social protection and risk management systems. Strengthening data infrastructure, reducing basis risk, improving product design, and expanding blended finance mechanisms are essential elements for developing scalable solutions that can protect small producers, stabilize markets, and reduce the humanitarian impact of climate crises. The conclusions outline strategic directions for aligning agricultural insurance, advance financing, and climate-resilient development pathways.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/362387
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-362387