Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) has emerged as a key pro-inflammatory mediator in chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. This thesis investigates the role of eNAMPT in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis (AAG) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), explores how NAMPT phosphorylation regulates its functions, and evaluates the therapeutic potential of the eNAMPT-neutralizing antibody ALT-100 (Aqualung Therapeutics®). Gastric AAG and HC biopsies, along with derived fibroblasts, exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles, with AAG showing upregulation of genes involved in pro-fibrotic pathways, ECM remodeling, and cytoskeletal organization. Although eNAMPT is elevated in AAG patients, its transcriptional effect is moderate and minimal in fibroblasts, suggesting its role may involve other cell types. In DNBS and DSS murine colitis models, recombinant eNAMPT worsened tissue injury, enhanced inflammatory infiltrates, and altered circulating and bone-marrow myeloid populations, indicating systemic immunomodulatory effects. Ex vivo assays demonstrated that eNAMPT promotes hematopoietic progenitor activation and cytokine-driven differentiation. Mass spectrometry identified eight NAMPT phosphorylation sites, with Ser199, Ser200, and Ser472 displaying distinct regulatory roles. Mutational analyses showed that Ser199 and Ser200 regulate enzymatic activity and dimerization, whereas Ser472 is essential for cytokine-like signaling. Therapeutically, ALT-100 ameliorated inflammation, preserved tissue structure, and improved clinical parameters in murine colitis models. Overall, this work identifies eNAMPT as a central driver of gastrointestinal immune pathology and supports eNAMPT neutralization as a promising strategy for AAG and IBD treatment.
La nicotinamide fosforibosiltransferasi extracellulare (eNAMPT) è un mediatore pro-infiammatorio chiave nelle malattie gastrointestinali croniche a mediazione immunitaria. Questa tesi ne esplora il ruolo nella Gastrite Atrofica Autoimmune (AAG) e nelle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali (IBD), la regolazione tramite fosforilazione e il potenziale terapeutico dell’anticorpo neutralizzante ALT-100 (Aqualung Therapeutics®). Biopsie gastriche di AAG e controlli sani e fibroblasti derivati hanno mostrato profili trascrizionali distinti: AAG presenta sovra-espressione di geni associati a vie pro-fibrotiche, rimodellamento della matrice extracellulare e organizzazione del citoscheletro. Pur essendo elevata nei pazienti, l’eNAMPT esercita un effetto trascrizionale moderato, minimo nei fibroblasti, suggerendo un coinvolgimento di altre cellule. Nei modelli murini di colite DNBS e DSS, l’eNAMPT ricombinante ha aggravato il danno tissutale, aumentato l’infiltrato infiammatorio e alterato le popolazioni mieloidi, evidenziando effetti immunomodulatori sistemici. Esperimenti ex vivo hanno confermato la sua capacità di attivare progenitori ematopoietici e promuovere differenziazione citochinica. La spettrometria di massa ha identificato otto siti di fosforilazione di NAMPT, con Ser199 e Ser200 coinvolti in attività enzimatica e dimerizzazione, e Ser472 essenziale per l’attivazione della via di segnale citochinico. ALT-100 ha ridotto l’infiammazione, preservato la struttura tissutale e migliorato i parametri clinici nei modelli murini. Questi risultati identificano eNAMPT come un driver centrale della patologia immunitaria gastrointestinale e supportano la sua neutralizzazione come strategia terapeutica promettente per AAG e IBD
Studio del ruolo pro-infiammatorio della citochina eNAMPT (Nicotinamide fosforibosiltransferasi) nei disturbi gastrointestinali e un suo possibile uso terapeutico
CASCETTA, GRETA
2026
Abstract
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) has emerged as a key pro-inflammatory mediator in chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. This thesis investigates the role of eNAMPT in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis (AAG) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), explores how NAMPT phosphorylation regulates its functions, and evaluates the therapeutic potential of the eNAMPT-neutralizing antibody ALT-100 (Aqualung Therapeutics®). Gastric AAG and HC biopsies, along with derived fibroblasts, exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles, with AAG showing upregulation of genes involved in pro-fibrotic pathways, ECM remodeling, and cytoskeletal organization. Although eNAMPT is elevated in AAG patients, its transcriptional effect is moderate and minimal in fibroblasts, suggesting its role may involve other cell types. In DNBS and DSS murine colitis models, recombinant eNAMPT worsened tissue injury, enhanced inflammatory infiltrates, and altered circulating and bone-marrow myeloid populations, indicating systemic immunomodulatory effects. Ex vivo assays demonstrated that eNAMPT promotes hematopoietic progenitor activation and cytokine-driven differentiation. Mass spectrometry identified eight NAMPT phosphorylation sites, with Ser199, Ser200, and Ser472 displaying distinct regulatory roles. Mutational analyses showed that Ser199 and Ser200 regulate enzymatic activity and dimerization, whereas Ser472 is essential for cytokine-like signaling. Therapeutically, ALT-100 ameliorated inflammation, preserved tissue structure, and improved clinical parameters in murine colitis models. Overall, this work identifies eNAMPT as a central driver of gastrointestinal immune pathology and supports eNAMPT neutralization as a promising strategy for AAG and IBD treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/362490
URN:NBN:IT:IUSSPAVIA-362490