Over the past decade, gravitational-wave astronomy has evolved from a largely theoretical field into a mature observational science. This transition was marked by the first direct detection of gravitational waves from a binary black-hole merger in 2015. Since then, continued observations have revealed a steadily growing population of compact-object mergers. Looking ahead, the scientific potential of gravitational-wave astronomy is expected to expand substantially with the advent of future observatories, which will extend observations to new frequency bands and enable the detection of previously inaccessible astrophysical sources. In this context, the future LISA mission will play a central role by surveying the millihertz regime, where mergers of massive black-hole binaries represent some of the most promising and information-rich sources. In this Thesis, we present advances in the statistical data-analysis framework for massive black-hole binaries, ranging from population-based studies to the characterization of individual sources, while also addressing key challenges relevant for the scientific exploitation of the mission. In particular, we focus on: (i) investigating the generation of hardening processes within a model-selection framework aimed at distinguishing between different astrophysical formation channels; (ii) the impact of instrumental glitches on parameter inference; and (iii) characterization of single-source parameters using simulation-based inference. Together, these results yield a significant contribution to an accurate and robust inference of massive black-hole binaries in the LISA observational regime.
Con la prima rivelazione diretta delle onde gravitazionali, avvenuta nel 2015 e associata alla fusione di una binaria di buchi neri, l'astronomia gravitazionale si è affermata come scienza osservativa. Le rivelazioni successive hanno progressivamente arricchito il catalogo di eventi, aprendo una nuova finestra sull’astrofisica degli oggetti compatti. L’avvento di osservatori di nuova generazione estenderà le osservazioni a bande di frequenza finora inesplorate, aprendo l’accesso a nuove classi di sorgenti astrofisiche. In questo scenario, la futura missione spaziale LISA avrà un ruolo centrale nello studio della banda millihertz, in cui le fusioni di binarie di buchi neri massicci costituiscono una delle sorgenti di maggiore interesse per l’astrofisica. Questa Tesi si inserisce in tale contesto contribuendo allo sviluppo di metodologie avanzate di analisi dei dati per lo studio di queste sorgenti, affrontando temi legati sia all’inferenza a livello di popolazione sia alla caratterizzazione dettagliata di singoli eventi. Nello specifico, il lavoro si concentra: (i) sull’inferenza dei canali di formazione attraverso modelli astrofisici di hardening; (ii) sull'analisi dell’impatto di transienti strumentali sull'inferenza dei parametri fisici; e (iii) sulla caratterizzazione delle sorgenti usando techniche di machine learning. Nel loro insieme, questi risultati contribuiscono a rafforzare le basi metodologiche necessarie per un’interpretazione accurata e affidabile delle osservazioni di binarie di buchi neri massicci nel regime osservativo di LISA.
Methods for exploiting gravitational-wave data from massive black-hole binaries
SPADARO, ALICE
2026
Abstract
Over the past decade, gravitational-wave astronomy has evolved from a largely theoretical field into a mature observational science. This transition was marked by the first direct detection of gravitational waves from a binary black-hole merger in 2015. Since then, continued observations have revealed a steadily growing population of compact-object mergers. Looking ahead, the scientific potential of gravitational-wave astronomy is expected to expand substantially with the advent of future observatories, which will extend observations to new frequency bands and enable the detection of previously inaccessible astrophysical sources. In this context, the future LISA mission will play a central role by surveying the millihertz regime, where mergers of massive black-hole binaries represent some of the most promising and information-rich sources. In this Thesis, we present advances in the statistical data-analysis framework for massive black-hole binaries, ranging from population-based studies to the characterization of individual sources, while also addressing key challenges relevant for the scientific exploitation of the mission. In particular, we focus on: (i) investigating the generation of hardening processes within a model-selection framework aimed at distinguishing between different astrophysical formation channels; (ii) the impact of instrumental glitches on parameter inference; and (iii) characterization of single-source parameters using simulation-based inference. Together, these results yield a significant contribution to an accurate and robust inference of massive black-hole binaries in the LISA observational regime.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
phd_unimib_814890.pdf
accesso aperto
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
6.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.4 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/363215
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-363215