This research aims to investigate the role of the monocratic executive in Italy and Germany (President of the Council and the Chancellor) in the establishment of administrative frameworks for the environment between 1972 and 1986. Specifically, it intends to provide a comparative historical reconstruction, from a institutional perspective, of the national and international processes and pressures that contributed to the creation of Ministries of the Environment in both countries in 1986. The analysis highlights how the Prime Minister and the Chancellor served as the key figures for integrating environmental policy goals into their respective countries, determining their priority or, particularly in the second half of the 1970s, their subordination to sectors deemed more central, such as economic growth and nuclear expansion. With reference to the 1980s, two opposing trends emerge that nonetheless led to the same result: in Germany, the executive did not consider the creation of an autonomous ministry necessary until the Chernobyl disaster, when it had to yield to intense political pressure; in Italy, conversely, the government had aspired to establish a department entirely dedicated to the environment since 1983, a goal realised in 1986. To better understand the impact of ecological matters on national institutions, space has also been dedicated to investigating the relations between the central government and regional levels (for the Italian case) and state levels (for the German case). It was observed, indeed, that the implementation of Italian regionalism and the development of German federalism were also spurred by this policy area, leading to a redefinition of the role of the central state. The integration of observations at the central government level with those on center-periphery relations has highlighted, in particular, the role of institutional traditions and practices in the creation of new administrative bodies: while Germany succeeded in breaking with previous experiences, Italy continued to utilise legislation and bodies related to environmental management dating back to the pre-Republican era. In this context, it can be argued that the greater innovativeness and flexibility of the German system allowed it to fully exploit the potential offered by the environmental dimension, such as the capacity for influence not only in the national political context but also internationally.
La ricerca ambisce ad indagare il ruolo dell’esecutivo monocratico di Italia e Germania (Presidente del Consiglio e Cancelliere) per l’istituzione degli apparati amministrativi dell’ambiente tra il 1972 e il 1986. In particolare, essa intende fornire una ricostruzione storica comparata in chiave storico-istituzionale dei processi e pressioni sul fronte nazionale ed internazionale che hanno contribuito alla creazione dei Ministeri dell’Ambiente in entrambi i paesi nel 1986. L’analisi mette in evidenza come Presidente del Consiglio e Cancelliere siano state le figure chiave per l’inserimento di obiettivi di politica ambientale nei rispettivi Paesi, determinandone anche la priorità o, specialmente nella seconda metà degli anni Settanta, la subordinazione a settori ritenuti più centrali come la crescita economica e l’espansione del nucleare. Con riferimento agli anni Ottanta emergono due tendenze opposte, che portarono però al medesimo risultato: in Germania, l’esecutivo non ritenne necessaria la creazione di un ministero autonomo fino al disastro di Chernobyl, quando dovette cedere alle forti pressioni politiche; in Italia, invece, il governo fin dal 1983 ambì ad istituire un dicastero interamente dedicato all’ambiente, realizzato nel 1986. Per comprendere meglio la portata della materia ecologica sulle istituzioni nazionali, è stato dedicato spazio anche all’indagine delle relazioni tra il governo centrale e i livelli regionali (per il caso italiano) e statali (per il caso tedesco). Si è osservato, infatti, che l’attuazione del regionalismo italiano e lo sviluppo del federalismo tedesco siano stati sollecitati anche da questo ambito di policy, che ha portato ad una ridefinizione del ruolo dello stato centrale. L’integrazione delle osservazioni sul livello del governo centrale con quelle sulle relazioni centro-periferia ha fatto emergere in particolare il ruolo delle tradizioni e delle prassi istituzionali sulla creazione di nuovi apparati amministrativi: mentre la Germania è riuscita ad operare una rottura con le esperienze precedenti, l’Italia ha continuato a servirsi della legislazione e organismi relativi alla gestione dell’ambiente risalenti all’epoca pre-repubblicana. In questo contesto è possibile affermare che la maggiore innovatività e flessibilità del sistema tedesco ha permesso di sfruttare a pieno le potenzialità offerte dalla dimensione ambientale, come la capacità di influenza, non solo nel contesto politico nazionale, ma anche internazionale.
IL RUOLO DEGLI ESECUTIVI MONOCRATICI NELLO SVILUPPO DELL'AMMINISTRAZIONE DELL'AMBIENTE: I CASI DEL PRESIDENTE DEL CONSIGLIO E CANCELLIERE TEDESCO DAL 1972 AL 1986
Di Gregorio, Ludovica
2026
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the role of the monocratic executive in Italy and Germany (President of the Council and the Chancellor) in the establishment of administrative frameworks for the environment between 1972 and 1986. Specifically, it intends to provide a comparative historical reconstruction, from a institutional perspective, of the national and international processes and pressures that contributed to the creation of Ministries of the Environment in both countries in 1986. The analysis highlights how the Prime Minister and the Chancellor served as the key figures for integrating environmental policy goals into their respective countries, determining their priority or, particularly in the second half of the 1970s, their subordination to sectors deemed more central, such as economic growth and nuclear expansion. With reference to the 1980s, two opposing trends emerge that nonetheless led to the same result: in Germany, the executive did not consider the creation of an autonomous ministry necessary until the Chernobyl disaster, when it had to yield to intense political pressure; in Italy, conversely, the government had aspired to establish a department entirely dedicated to the environment since 1983, a goal realised in 1986. To better understand the impact of ecological matters on national institutions, space has also been dedicated to investigating the relations between the central government and regional levels (for the Italian case) and state levels (for the German case). It was observed, indeed, that the implementation of Italian regionalism and the development of German federalism were also spurred by this policy area, leading to a redefinition of the role of the central state. The integration of observations at the central government level with those on center-periphery relations has highlighted, in particular, the role of institutional traditions and practices in the creation of new administrative bodies: while Germany succeeded in breaking with previous experiences, Italy continued to utilise legislation and bodies related to environmental management dating back to the pre-Republican era. In this context, it can be argued that the greater innovativeness and flexibility of the German system allowed it to fully exploit the potential offered by the environmental dimension, such as the capacity for influence not only in the national political context but also internationally.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/363728
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-363728