Hybrid Exchange Programmes (HEPs) are international education programmes that combine virtual exchange with short-term in-person exchange, expanding access beyond international education models that rely on extended physical mobility. This dissertation explores an HEP that included 24 U.S. and 16 Brazilian undergraduate students and took place over ten weeks online and one week in person in Brazil. Using mixed methods including a three-phase survey, photo elicitation, and 23 interviews, the study examines four areas of the student experience: (1) changes in students’ perceived personal, intercultural, linguistic, academic, and professional growth; (2) dynamics that students encountered when engaging in technologically mediated cross-cultural communication; (3) how connection and belonging were fostered via programme structure and students’ own agency; (4) how students from Brazil and the U.S. experienced the programme differently. Filtered through the lenses of student experience theories and critical pedagogies, quantitative findings reveal a prominent V-shaped trajectory in perceived growth: high expectations before the virtual exchange, a dip following that phase, and gains that typically exceeded initial expectations following the in-person exchange in Brazil. Brazilian students emphasised gains in professional and linguistic skills while U.S. students described personal development and enhanced intercultural awareness. Qualitative findings show how the virtual exchange, while challenging, served as an essential scaffold for growth. It prompted reflection, linguistic empathy, and adaptability that laid the groundwork for deeper engagement in person and provided students with iterative opportunities to refine and build upon their skills over the different phases of the programme. The research contributes to scholarship on programme design, reciprocity in exchange relationships, deepening student engagement, and the role of discomfort as a catalyst for growth, while also advancing debates about belonging, equity, and the potential of hybrid formats to challenge mobility-centric models of international education.
I Programmi di Scambio Ibridi (Hybrid Exchange Programmes, HEPs) sono programmi di educazione internazionale che combinano lo scambio virtuale con esperienze di breve durata in presenza, ampliando l’accessibilità oltre i modelli di internazionalizzazione basati esclusivamente sulla mobilità fisica prolungata. Questa tesi esplora un HEP che ha coinvolto 24 studenti universitari statunitensi e 16 studenti brasiliani e si è svolto in dodici settimane online e una settimana in presenza in Brasile. Attraverso un approccio a metodi misti, che include un questionario in tre fasi, la tecnica della “photo elicitation” e 23 interviste, lo studio esamina quattro aree dell’esperienza degli studenti: (1) i cambiamenti percepiti nella crescita personale, interculturale, linguistica, accademica e professionale; (2) le dinamiche riscontrate dagli studenti nell’interazione interculturale mediata dalla tecnologia; (3) come la connessione e il senso di appartenenza siano stati favoriti sia dalla struttura del programma sia dall’“agency” degli stessi studenti; (4) come gli studenti brasiliani e statunitensi abbiano vissuto in modo differente il programma. Analizzati attraverso le lenti delle teorie sull’esperienza degli studenti e delle pedagogie critiche, i risultati quantitativi rivelano una marcata traiettoria a forma di “V” nella percezione della crescita: alte aspettative prima dello scambio virtuale, un calo dopo quella fase e un recupero con benefici che hanno spesso superato le aspettative iniziali dopo lo scambio in presenza in Brasile. Gli studenti brasiliani hanno sottolineato progressi nelle competenze professionali e linguistiche, mentre gli studenti statunitensi hanno descritto uno sviluppo personale e una maggiore consapevolezza interculturale. I risultati qualitativi hanno mostrato come lo scambio virtuale, pur essendo impegnativo, abbia costituito un’impalcatura essenziale per la crescita. L’esperienza ha stimolato riflessione, empatia linguistica e adattabilità, ponendo le basi per un coinvolgimento più profondo in presenza e offrendo agli studenti opportunità iterative per affinare e sviluppare le proprie competenze nelle diverse fasi del programma. La ricerca contribuisce alla letteratura su progettazione dei programmi, reciprocità nelle relazioni di scambio, approfondimento del coinvolgimento degli studenti e ruolo del disagio come catalizzatore di crescita, avanzando al contempo i dibattiti su appartenenza, equità e sul potenziale dei formati ibridi di mettere in discussione modelli di internazionalizzazione centrati esclusivamente sulla mobilità.
HYBRID EXCHANGE: EXPLORING TRANSFORMATION AND BELONGING THROUGH VIRTUAL AND IN-PERSON INTERCAMBIO AMONG BRAZILIAN AND U.S. STUDENTS
Cleary, Grace
2026
Abstract
Hybrid Exchange Programmes (HEPs) are international education programmes that combine virtual exchange with short-term in-person exchange, expanding access beyond international education models that rely on extended physical mobility. This dissertation explores an HEP that included 24 U.S. and 16 Brazilian undergraduate students and took place over ten weeks online and one week in person in Brazil. Using mixed methods including a three-phase survey, photo elicitation, and 23 interviews, the study examines four areas of the student experience: (1) changes in students’ perceived personal, intercultural, linguistic, academic, and professional growth; (2) dynamics that students encountered when engaging in technologically mediated cross-cultural communication; (3) how connection and belonging were fostered via programme structure and students’ own agency; (4) how students from Brazil and the U.S. experienced the programme differently. Filtered through the lenses of student experience theories and critical pedagogies, quantitative findings reveal a prominent V-shaped trajectory in perceived growth: high expectations before the virtual exchange, a dip following that phase, and gains that typically exceeded initial expectations following the in-person exchange in Brazil. Brazilian students emphasised gains in professional and linguistic skills while U.S. students described personal development and enhanced intercultural awareness. Qualitative findings show how the virtual exchange, while challenging, served as an essential scaffold for growth. It prompted reflection, linguistic empathy, and adaptability that laid the groundwork for deeper engagement in person and provided students with iterative opportunities to refine and build upon their skills over the different phases of the programme. The research contributes to scholarship on programme design, reciprocity in exchange relationships, deepening student engagement, and the role of discomfort as a catalyst for growth, while also advancing debates about belonging, equity, and the potential of hybrid formats to challenge mobility-centric models of international education.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/365056
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-365056