The research examines the possibility of qualifying certain cultural assets as “cultural commons,” situating this category at the intersection of international law, cultural heritage law, and commons theory. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study reconstructs the evolution of the concept of common goods and analyses the conditions under which a cultural object may be regarded as the object of shared governance by a heritage community. The analysis develops along three main lines. First, it explores the emergence of the concept of cultural commons and the contribution of commons theory to its conceptual development. Second, it examines the role of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and human rights law in the protection of the cultural heritage of humanity. Third, it analyses the rights, interests, and governance models applicable to cultural commons, with particular attention to experiences at the international, European, and Italian levels. The study concludes that cultural commons constitute a legal category that has not yet been fully recognised within existing legal systems but is nevertheless emerging. This category appears capable of fostering more participatory and inclusive forms of cultural heritage protection and enhancement. In this perspective, the research also proposes a methodological framework for identifying and assessing participatory processes that may serve as indicators of the existence of a cultural commons.
La ricerca esamina la possibilità di qualificare alcuni beni culturali come «beni culturali comuni», collocando tale categoria all’intersezione tra diritto internazionale, diritto dei beni culturali e teoria dei commons. Attraverso un approccio interdisciplinare, il lavoro ricostruisce l’evoluzione del concetto di bene comune e analizza le condizioni necessarie affinché un bene culturale possa essere considerato oggetto di forme di gestione condivisa da parte di una comunità di riferimento. L’indagine si sviluppa lungo tre direttrici principali. In primo luogo, approfondisce la formazione della categoria del bene culturale comune e il contributo della teoria dei commons alla sua elaborazione concettuale. In secondo luogo, esamina il ruolo del diritto internazionale umanitario, del diritto penale internazionale e dei diritti umani nella tutela del patrimonio culturale dell’umanità. Infine, analizza i diritti, gli interessi e i modelli di governance applicabili ai beni culturali comuni, con particolare attenzione alle esperienze sviluppate a livello internazionale, europeo e italiano. La ricerca conclude che i beni culturali comuni rappresentano una categoria giuridica non ancora pienamente riconosciuta dagli ordinamenti vigenti, ma in fase di emersione. Tale categoria appare idonea a favorire forme più partecipative e inclusive di tutela e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale. In questa prospettiva, il lavoro propone inoltre un metodo di indagine volto a individuare e valutare i processi partecipativi che possono costituire indicatori dell’esistenza di un bene culturale comune.
I BENI CULTURALI. EVOLUZIONE, DIRITTI, INTERESSI E GOVERNANCE DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE CONDIVISO
Giardini, Giuditta
2026
Abstract
The research examines the possibility of qualifying certain cultural assets as “cultural commons,” situating this category at the intersection of international law, cultural heritage law, and commons theory. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study reconstructs the evolution of the concept of common goods and analyses the conditions under which a cultural object may be regarded as the object of shared governance by a heritage community. The analysis develops along three main lines. First, it explores the emergence of the concept of cultural commons and the contribution of commons theory to its conceptual development. Second, it examines the role of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and human rights law in the protection of the cultural heritage of humanity. Third, it analyses the rights, interests, and governance models applicable to cultural commons, with particular attention to experiences at the international, European, and Italian levels. The study concludes that cultural commons constitute a legal category that has not yet been fully recognised within existing legal systems but is nevertheless emerging. This category appears capable of fostering more participatory and inclusive forms of cultural heritage protection and enhancement. In this perspective, the research also proposes a methodological framework for identifying and assessing participatory processes that may serve as indicators of the existence of a cultural commons.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/372065
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-372065