Abstract (in inglese) Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) represents a valuable source of proteins with significant nutritional, technological, and health-related potential. Despite this relevance, its protein components remain poorly investigated. In this Ph.D. thesis, integrated MS-based strategies, including shotgun proteomic approaches, SDS-PAGE in-gel digestion, and top-down methods, were carried out to deeply characterize the protein fraction of the seed chickpea. In this respect, as a case study, the Italian genotype “Pascià” was used. Overall, by a shotgun approach more than 1000 proteins were detected and identified. This finding allowed to enlarge the actual knowledge of the seed chickpea proteome by more than 700 novel proteins previously undetected. The qualitative and quantitative differences in protein composition between two chickpea samples of the genotype Pascià, grown under two different water conditions (namely rainfed and irrigated) were also investigated. This comparison highlighted that the rainfed condition mainly determines the overexpression of proteins with potential allergenic properties, but also of a group of enzymes involved, with different roles, in plant defense mechanisms. Finally, an integrated mass spectrometry approach, combining bottom-up and top-down strategies, was applied to reveal the post-translational proteolytic processing of chickpeas legumins and vicilins occurring during seed maturation. This approach suggested that: (i) proteolytic cleavages in both legumins and vicilins occur at conserved sequence motifs; (ii) the proteolytic cleavage generating the α- and β-chains from legumins is catalysed by an asparaginyl endopeptidase, whereas vicilin processing is mediated by legumains, a family of cysteine endopeptidases. Moreover, our data suggest that, similarly to soybean proglycinins, the inter-chain disulfide bond linking the α- and β-chains might involve the cysteine located in the N-terminal region of the β-polypeptide, whereas the cysteine of the C-terminal cupin domain is probably present as free cysteine.
Il cece (Cicer arietinum L.) rappresenta una preziosa fonte di proteine con rilevanti potenzialità nutrizionali, tecnologiche e salutistiche. Nonostante tale importanza, le sue componenti proteiche risultano ancora scarsamente investigate. Nella presente tesi di dottorato sono state applicate strategie integrate basate sulla spettrometria di massa (MS), comprendenti approcci proteomici shotgun, digestione in-gel mediante SDS-PAGE e metodologie top-down, al fine di caratterizzare in modo approfondito la frazione proteica del seme di cece. A tal proposito, è stato utilizzato come caso di studio il genotipo italiano “Pascià”.Complessivamente, mediante l’approccio shotgun sono state rilevate e identificate oltre 1000 proteine. Questo risultato ha consentito di ampliare le attuali conoscenze sul proteoma del seme di cece con più di 700 nuove proteine precedentemente non identificate. Sono state inoltre investigate le differenze qualitative e quantitative nella composizione proteica tra due campioni di cece appartenenti al genotipo Pascià, coltivati in due differenti condizioni idriche (in asciutta e in irrigazione). Tale confronto ha evidenziato come la condizione di coltivazione in asciutta determini principalmente la sovraespressione di proteine con potenziali proprietà allergeniche, nonché di un gruppo di enzimi coinvolti, con ruoli differenti, nei meccanismi di difesa della pianta. Infine, un approccio integrato di spettrometria di massa, combinando strategie bottom-up e top-down, è stato applicato per rivelare i processi di maturazione proteolitica post-traduzionale delle legumine e delle viciline del cece durante la maturazione del seme. Tale approccio ha suggerito che: (i) i clivaggi proteolitici sia delle legumine sia delle viciline avvengono in corrispondenza di motivi di sequenza conservati; (ii) il clivaggio proteolitico che genera le catene α e β a partire dalle legumine è catalizzato da un’endopeptidasi asparaginilica, mentre la maturazione delle viciline è mediata dalle legumain, una famiglia di endopeptidasi cisteiniche. Inoltre, i dati ottenuti suggeriscono che, analogamente alle proglicinine della soia, il ponte disolfuro intercatena che collega le catene α e β possa coinvolgere la cisteina localizzata nella regione N-terminale del polipeptide β, mentre la cisteina del dominio cupin C-terminale sia probabilmente presente in forma libera.
Proteomic Investigation of chickpea seeds: the case study of the Italian genotype Pascià [Analisi proteomica dei semi di cece (Cicer arietinum L.): il caso del genotipo italiano Pascià]
LANZONI, ALDO
2026
Abstract
Abstract (in inglese) Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) represents a valuable source of proteins with significant nutritional, technological, and health-related potential. Despite this relevance, its protein components remain poorly investigated. In this Ph.D. thesis, integrated MS-based strategies, including shotgun proteomic approaches, SDS-PAGE in-gel digestion, and top-down methods, were carried out to deeply characterize the protein fraction of the seed chickpea. In this respect, as a case study, the Italian genotype “Pascià” was used. Overall, by a shotgun approach more than 1000 proteins were detected and identified. This finding allowed to enlarge the actual knowledge of the seed chickpea proteome by more than 700 novel proteins previously undetected. The qualitative and quantitative differences in protein composition between two chickpea samples of the genotype Pascià, grown under two different water conditions (namely rainfed and irrigated) were also investigated. This comparison highlighted that the rainfed condition mainly determines the overexpression of proteins with potential allergenic properties, but also of a group of enzymes involved, with different roles, in plant defense mechanisms. Finally, an integrated mass spectrometry approach, combining bottom-up and top-down strategies, was applied to reveal the post-translational proteolytic processing of chickpeas legumins and vicilins occurring during seed maturation. This approach suggested that: (i) proteolytic cleavages in both legumins and vicilins occur at conserved sequence motifs; (ii) the proteolytic cleavage generating the α- and β-chains from legumins is catalysed by an asparaginyl endopeptidase, whereas vicilin processing is mediated by legumains, a family of cysteine endopeptidases. Moreover, our data suggest that, similarly to soybean proglycinins, the inter-chain disulfide bond linking the α- and β-chains might involve the cysteine located in the N-terminal region of the β-polypeptide, whereas the cysteine of the C-terminal cupin domain is probably present as free cysteine.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/374146
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-374146