This dissertation examines the aristocracies of the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It investigates how the consolidation of primogeniture reshaped the allocation of resources within noble families, altered marriage strategies, and influenced the entry of younger sons and daughters into religious life. The first contribution is historical and institutional. Drawing on legal sources and archival evidence, the dissertation reconstructs the evolution of feudal inheritance law from its common medieval foundations under Frederick II to the divergent paths followed in early modern Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples. Although the two territories originally shared the same legal framework, Sicily adopted a system of indivisible succession earlier than the continental South. This earlier consolidation of primogeniture turned feudal estates into stable hereditary patrimonies and limited the division of property among family members. In the Kingdom of Naples, by contrast, the transition was more gradual and was completed only under Spanish rule. The historical analysis also examines changes in the population of female monasteries in Naples and Palermo in order to explore the relationship between primogeniture, declining marriage opportunities, and the entry of aristocratic women into religious life. The dissertation also studies the market for feudal estates by reconstructing sales, transfers, and patterns of circulation of noble property. The second contribution is empirical. The study builds an original genealogical dataset covering several noble families and combining marriage contracts, dowry deeds, wills, and ecclesiastical sources. The different timing of the consolidation of primogeniture in Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples makes it possible to apply a difference-in-differences strategy and identify its causal effects on family outcomes. The results show that primogeniture reduced younger siblings’ access to the marriage market and increased the probability that younger sons entered ecclesiastical careers. These effects were particularly strong for women, for whom the monastery represented an alternative to marriage in a context of growing economic constraints. The third contribution is theoretical. The dissertation develops a formal model of family decision-making, drawing on the literature on intergenerational transfers and assortative matching in marriage. The model shows how asymmetric inheritance rules, under a fixed patrimonial constraint, generate an unequal distribution of resources among children and a systematic reallocation of younger siblings towards ecclesiastical careers, with stronger effects for women. More broadly, the dissertation contributes to the economic history of the family by showing how inheritance institutions shape demographic behaviour, marriage strategies, and the long-run distribution of resources within elite groups.
Questa tesi di dottorato, incentrata sulle aristocrazie dei Regni di Napoli e di Sicilia tra il XVI e il XVII secolo, analizza come il consolidamento della primogenitura abbia modificato l’allocazione delle risorse all’interno delle famiglie nobili, le strategie matrimoniali e l’ingresso dei figli e delle figlie cadetti nella vita religiosa. Il primo contributo è di carattere storico e istituzionale. Attraverso fonti giuridiche e documentazione archivistica, la tesi ricostruisce l’evoluzione del diritto successorio feudale dalle comuni fondamenta medievali risalenti a Federico II fino alle divergenti traiettorie assunte in età moderna nel Regno di Napoli e in Sicilia. Sebbene i due territori condividessero in origine il medesimo quadro giuridico, la Sicilia adottò un regime di successione indivisibile prima del Mezzogiorno continentale. Questo più precoce consolidamento della primogenitura trasformò i feudi in patrimoni ereditari stabili e limitò la divisione dei beni tra i membri della famiglia. Nel Regno di Napoli, invece, la transizione fu più graduale e si completò soltanto sotto il dominio spagnolo. La ricostruzione storica esamina inoltre l’evoluzione della popolazione dei monasteri femminili di Napoli e Palermo, per indagare il rapporto tra primogenitura, contrazione delle opportunità matrimoniali e ingresso delle donne aristocratiche nella vita religiosa. La ricerca analizza anche il mercato dei feudi, ricostruendo compravendite, trasferimenti e modalità di circolazione dei patrimoni nobiliari. Il secondo contributo è di natura empirica. Lo studio costruisce un dataset genealogico originale relativo a diverse famiglie nobili, combinando contratti matrimoniali, atti dotali, testamenti e fonti ecclesiastiche. La diversa tempistica del consolidamento della primogenitura in Sicilia e nel Regno di Napoli consente di applicare una strategia difference-in-differences per identificarne gli effetti causali sugli esiti familiari. I risultati mostrano che la primogenitura ridusse l’accesso al mercato matrimoniale dei cadetti e accrebbe la probabilità che i figli minori intraprendessero carriere ecclesiastiche. Tali effetti risultano particolarmente pronunciati per le donne, per le quali il monastero rappresentava un’alternativa al matrimonio in un contesto di crescenti vincoli economici. Il terzo contributo è di carattere teorico. La tesi sviluppa un modello formale del processo decisionale familiare, ispirato alla letteratura sui trasferimenti intergenerazionali e sul matching matrimoniale assortativo. Il modello mostra come regole ereditarie asimmetriche, in presenza di un vincolo patrimoniale, generino una distribuzione diseguale delle risorse tra i figli e una riallocazione sistematica dei cadetti verso le carriere ecclesiastiche, con effetti più accentuati per le donne. Più in generale, la tesi contribuisce alla storia economica della famiglia mostrando come le istituzioni ereditarie influenzino il comportamento demografico, le strategie matrimoniali e la distribuzione di lungo periodo delle risorse all’interno dei gruppi d’élite.
INHERITANCE LAWS AND ECCLESIASTICAL CAREERS: A STUDY OF THE ITALIAN NOBILITY
Varde', Antonino Alessio
2026
Abstract
This dissertation examines the aristocracies of the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It investigates how the consolidation of primogeniture reshaped the allocation of resources within noble families, altered marriage strategies, and influenced the entry of younger sons and daughters into religious life. The first contribution is historical and institutional. Drawing on legal sources and archival evidence, the dissertation reconstructs the evolution of feudal inheritance law from its common medieval foundations under Frederick II to the divergent paths followed in early modern Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples. Although the two territories originally shared the same legal framework, Sicily adopted a system of indivisible succession earlier than the continental South. This earlier consolidation of primogeniture turned feudal estates into stable hereditary patrimonies and limited the division of property among family members. In the Kingdom of Naples, by contrast, the transition was more gradual and was completed only under Spanish rule. The historical analysis also examines changes in the population of female monasteries in Naples and Palermo in order to explore the relationship between primogeniture, declining marriage opportunities, and the entry of aristocratic women into religious life. The dissertation also studies the market for feudal estates by reconstructing sales, transfers, and patterns of circulation of noble property. The second contribution is empirical. The study builds an original genealogical dataset covering several noble families and combining marriage contracts, dowry deeds, wills, and ecclesiastical sources. The different timing of the consolidation of primogeniture in Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples makes it possible to apply a difference-in-differences strategy and identify its causal effects on family outcomes. The results show that primogeniture reduced younger siblings’ access to the marriage market and increased the probability that younger sons entered ecclesiastical careers. These effects were particularly strong for women, for whom the monastery represented an alternative to marriage in a context of growing economic constraints. The third contribution is theoretical. The dissertation develops a formal model of family decision-making, drawing on the literature on intergenerational transfers and assortative matching in marriage. The model shows how asymmetric inheritance rules, under a fixed patrimonial constraint, generate an unequal distribution of resources among children and a systematic reallocation of younger siblings towards ecclesiastical careers, with stronger effects for women. More broadly, the dissertation contributes to the economic history of the family by showing how inheritance institutions shape demographic behaviour, marriage strategies, and the long-run distribution of resources within elite groups.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/375413
URN:NBN:IT:UNICATT-375413