Manufacturing firms are often faced with the dilemma of enhancing their operations’ efficiency while at the same time complying with various environmental and sustainability requirements. Although various lean manufacturing tools, like Value Stream Mapping (VSM), have been proven to effectively contribute to productivity enhancement and reduction of waste in firms’ operations, they have been found to lack the ability to effectively carry out sustainability assessment. On the other hand, sustainability assessment tools like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been proven to effectively carry out sustainability assessment but lack integration with operations’ decision-making. This situation has resulted in a significant research and practice gap. This thesis seeks to bridge the gap by investigating the possibility of integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment tools with the aim of enhancing operations’ efficiency and sustainability performance. The research question of this thesis will be: How can lean tools be integrated with sustainability assessment tools to improve operations’ efficiency and sustainability performance in manufacturing firms? To ensure a deeper research scope, this research will seek answers to four sub-research questions: one each on the evolution of lean tools towards sustainability assessment, methodological conditions of integration, organizational conditions of integration, and performance outcomes of integration. From a methodological point of view, the thesis applies a multi-method approach by combining a systematic literature review, exploratory action research, and case studies. Firstly, a systematic literature review is conducted to identify the evolution of Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM) and similar approaches. It was found that there are limitations associated with existing approaches and a lack of validation. In addition, action research was conducted to develop a structured approach for integrating Environmental Value Stream Mapping (E-VSM) and LCA, enabling the integration of operational metrics with environmental impact metrics. Finally, case studies of industrial settings, such as plastics and pipes manufacturing, are conducted to develop a framework for integrating Environmental Value Stream Mapping (E-VSM) into a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for continuous improvement. The overall findings of this thesis indicate that integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment tools can improve decision-making by integrating process improvement metrics with lifecycle-based environmental impact metrics. In addition, the results indicate that integration of lean tools with sustainability assessment tools is not limited to methodological compatibility but also depends on contextual factors such as managerial commitment and data availability. Moreover, lean tools integrated with sustainability assessment instruments and a governance tool like the PDCA cycle can transform a static tool into a dynamic system. In addition, the thesis proves that lean integrated with sustainability assessment tools reduces environmental impact significantly. The contribution of this thesis to theory is the extension of the conceptual understanding of lean-green integration from a multi-level and context-dependent perspective. In addition, the thesis provides a methodological contribution by providing transferable frameworks that balance the rigor of LCA with the practicality of lean tools. This thesis offers a framework for the incorporation of assessment tools into practical business settings from a managerial perspective This thesis provides a comprehensive approach to bridge the gap between operational performance and sustainability by providing a framework for integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment instruments. In addition, this thesis provides a framework for the transition towards sustainable manufacturing systems.
Le imprese manifatturiere si trovano spesso ad affrontare il dilemma di migliorare l’efficienza operativa e, allo stesso tempo, rispettare i requisiti ambientali e di sostenibilità. Sebbene diversi strumenti della produzione snella, come il Value Stream Mapping (VSM), si siano dimostrati efficaci nel migliorare la produttività e ridurre gli sprechi nei processi aziendali, essi presentano limiti nella valutazione della sostenibilità. Al contrario, strumenti di valutazione della sostenibilità come il Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) risultano efficaci nella misurazione degli impatti ambientali, ma mancano di integrazione con i processi decisionali operativi. Questa situazione ha generato un significativo divario sia nella ricerca sia nella pratica. La presente tesi mira a colmare tale divario, indagando la possibilità di integrare strumenti lean con strumenti di valutazione della sostenibilità, al fine di migliorare sia l’efficienza operativa sia le performance di sostenibilità. La domanda di ricerca principale è la seguente: Come possono gli strumenti lean essere integrati con gli strumenti di valutazione della sostenibilità per migliorare l’efficienza operativa e le prestazioni di sostenibilità nelle imprese manifatturiere? Per approfondire l’analisi, la ricerca affronta quattro sotto-domande relative all’evoluzione degli strumenti lean verso la sostenibilità, alle condizioni metodologiche di integrazione, ai fattori organizzativi e ai risultati in termini di performance. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la tesi adotta un approccio multi-metodo che combina revisione sistematica della letteratura, action research esplorativa e studi di caso. In primo luogo, viene condotta una revisione sistematica per analizzare l’evoluzione del Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM) e approcci affini, evidenziando limiti e carenza di validazione empirica. Successivamente, viene sviluppato uno studio di action research per definire un approccio strutturato di integrazione tra Environmental Value Stream Mapping (E-VSM) e Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), consentendo l’allineamento tra indicatori operativi e metriche di impatto ambientale. Infine, studi di caso in contesti industriali, come la produzione di materie plastiche e tubazioni, permettono di sviluppare un framework per integrare l’E-VSM nel ciclo Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), favorendo il miglioramento continuo. I risultati complessivi dimostrano che l’integrazione tra strumenti lean e strumenti di valutazione della sostenibilità migliora il processo decisionale, collegando le metriche di miglioramento dei processi con gli impatti ambientali lungo il ciclo di vita. Inoltre, emerge che il successo dell’integrazione non dipende solo dalla compatibilità metodologica, ma anche da fattori contestuali quali l’impegno manageriale e la disponibilità dei dati. L’integrazione con strumenti di governance come il ciclo PDCA consente di trasformare strumenti statici in sistemi dinamici di miglioramento continuo. I risultati evidenziano inoltre una significativa riduzione degli impatti ambientali. Dal punto di vista teorico, la tesi contribuisce ampliando la comprensione dell’integrazione lean–green come processo multilivello e dipendente dal contesto. Dal punto di vista metodologico, propone framework trasferibili che bilanciano il rigore del LCA con la praticità degli strumenti lean. Dal punto di vista manageriale, fornisce indicazioni operative per l’integrazione degli strumenti di valutazione nei contesti aziendali. Nel complesso, la tesi propone un approccio integrato per colmare il divario tra performance operative e sostenibilità, contribuendo alla transizione verso sistemi manifatturieri sostenibili.
Integrating lean tools and sustainability assessment: multi-method contributions to sustainable manufacturing
Khamidov, Ibrokhimjon
2026
Abstract
Manufacturing firms are often faced with the dilemma of enhancing their operations’ efficiency while at the same time complying with various environmental and sustainability requirements. Although various lean manufacturing tools, like Value Stream Mapping (VSM), have been proven to effectively contribute to productivity enhancement and reduction of waste in firms’ operations, they have been found to lack the ability to effectively carry out sustainability assessment. On the other hand, sustainability assessment tools like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been proven to effectively carry out sustainability assessment but lack integration with operations’ decision-making. This situation has resulted in a significant research and practice gap. This thesis seeks to bridge the gap by investigating the possibility of integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment tools with the aim of enhancing operations’ efficiency and sustainability performance. The research question of this thesis will be: How can lean tools be integrated with sustainability assessment tools to improve operations’ efficiency and sustainability performance in manufacturing firms? To ensure a deeper research scope, this research will seek answers to four sub-research questions: one each on the evolution of lean tools towards sustainability assessment, methodological conditions of integration, organizational conditions of integration, and performance outcomes of integration. From a methodological point of view, the thesis applies a multi-method approach by combining a systematic literature review, exploratory action research, and case studies. Firstly, a systematic literature review is conducted to identify the evolution of Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM) and similar approaches. It was found that there are limitations associated with existing approaches and a lack of validation. In addition, action research was conducted to develop a structured approach for integrating Environmental Value Stream Mapping (E-VSM) and LCA, enabling the integration of operational metrics with environmental impact metrics. Finally, case studies of industrial settings, such as plastics and pipes manufacturing, are conducted to develop a framework for integrating Environmental Value Stream Mapping (E-VSM) into a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for continuous improvement. The overall findings of this thesis indicate that integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment tools can improve decision-making by integrating process improvement metrics with lifecycle-based environmental impact metrics. In addition, the results indicate that integration of lean tools with sustainability assessment tools is not limited to methodological compatibility but also depends on contextual factors such as managerial commitment and data availability. Moreover, lean tools integrated with sustainability assessment instruments and a governance tool like the PDCA cycle can transform a static tool into a dynamic system. In addition, the thesis proves that lean integrated with sustainability assessment tools reduces environmental impact significantly. The contribution of this thesis to theory is the extension of the conceptual understanding of lean-green integration from a multi-level and context-dependent perspective. In addition, the thesis provides a methodological contribution by providing transferable frameworks that balance the rigor of LCA with the practicality of lean tools. This thesis offers a framework for the incorporation of assessment tools into practical business settings from a managerial perspective This thesis provides a comprehensive approach to bridge the gap between operational performance and sustainability by providing a framework for integrating lean tools with sustainability assessment instruments. In addition, this thesis provides a framework for the transition towards sustainable manufacturing systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/376622
URN:NBN:IT:POLIMI-376622