Despite its remote location, Antarctica is no longer pristine. Organic contaminants have been detected in Antarctic coastal ecosystems, meltwater, rivers, and surface snow. These persistent, semi-volatile compounds are carried through the atmosphere and scavenged by precipitation. Since low temperatures slow down degradation processes, snow and ice act as valuable archives to examine the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of these compounds, assessing how the increasing human influence is recorded in these matrices. This study investigates spatial and temporal trends of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 21 personal care products (PCPs) in Antarctic snow and ice. PAHs, as well-known environmental tracers, were used to assess emerging PCP concentration trends in snow and snow-pit samples collected in Victoria Land between November 2021 and January 2022, and in an ice core from GV7 (70°41′17” S, 158°51′49” E; 1950 m a.s.l.). A novel analytical method combining SPE and GC-MS/MS enabled the detection of trace concentrations, minimizing external contamination. The Lagrangian FLEXPART model was used to investigate the long-range transport of two UV-filters. Results show how seasonality influences deposition processes, as also confirmed by simulations. Moreover, the temporal evolution of PAHs over the last century was more clearly defined highlighting naturals events, while the interpretation of PCP trends remained challenging and requires further investigation.
In Antartide, contaminanti organici sono stati rilevati negli ecosistemi costieri, nei laghi e nella neve superficiale. Questi composti persistenti e volatili sono trasportati dall’atmosfera per lunghe distanze e rimossi dalle precipitazioni. Le basse temperature ne rallentano i processi di degradazione rendendo neve e ghiaccio ottimi archivi per esaminare la distribuzione spaziale e l’evoluzione temporale di questi composti e per indagare come la crescente impronta antropica sia registrata in queste matrici. Questo studio analizza le tendenze spaziali e temporali di 19 idrocarburi policiclici aromatici (IPA) e 21 prodotti per la cura personale (PCP) nella neve e nel ghiaccio antartici. Dato che gli IPA sono traccianti ambientali noti, sono stati utilizzati per valutare le variazioni degli emergenti PCP in campioni di neve e snow-pit raccolti nella Victoria Land tra novembre 2021 e gennaio 2022 e in una carota di ghiaccio del sito GV7 (70°41′17” S, 158°51′49” E; 1950 m a.s.l.). Il metodo analitico innovativo combina la SPE con la GC-MS/MS permettendo di rilevare concentrazioni in tracce riducendo la contaminazione esterna. Il modello lagrangiano FLEXPART è stato impiegato per studiare il trasporto a lunga distanza di due filtri-UV. I risultati evidenziano l’influenza della stagionalità sulla deposizione e consentono di ricostruire l’evoluzione temporale di IPA e PCP, evidenziando eventi come le eruzioni vulcaniche e i principali incedi australiani dell’ultimo secolo.
Legacy and emerging contaminants in Antarctica: a spatial and temporal multi-proxy approach
GENUZIO, GIULIA
2026
Abstract
Despite its remote location, Antarctica is no longer pristine. Organic contaminants have been detected in Antarctic coastal ecosystems, meltwater, rivers, and surface snow. These persistent, semi-volatile compounds are carried through the atmosphere and scavenged by precipitation. Since low temperatures slow down degradation processes, snow and ice act as valuable archives to examine the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of these compounds, assessing how the increasing human influence is recorded in these matrices. This study investigates spatial and temporal trends of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 21 personal care products (PCPs) in Antarctic snow and ice. PAHs, as well-known environmental tracers, were used to assess emerging PCP concentration trends in snow and snow-pit samples collected in Victoria Land between November 2021 and January 2022, and in an ice core from GV7 (70°41′17” S, 158°51′49” E; 1950 m a.s.l.). A novel analytical method combining SPE and GC-MS/MS enabled the detection of trace concentrations, minimizing external contamination. The Lagrangian FLEXPART model was used to investigate the long-range transport of two UV-filters. Results show how seasonality influences deposition processes, as also confirmed by simulations. Moreover, the temporal evolution of PAHs over the last century was more clearly defined highlighting naturals events, while the interpretation of PCP trends remained challenging and requires further investigation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/379148
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVE-379148