Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and is associated with a high burden of cardiometabolic complications. Identifying simple and reliable biomarkers for risk stratification is crucial in primary care settings. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index has emerged as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, while the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR) reflects inflammatory stress. Objective To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control (HbA1c), TyG Index, and SHR in patients with T2DM, and to assess their potential role in cardiometabolic risk stratification. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study including 113 adult outpatients with T2DM followed in a primary care setting. Clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic data were collected from electronic medical records. The TyG Index was calculated as ln [triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL) / 2], and SHR as glucose (mmol/L) / (1.59 × HbA1c) − 2.59. Correlation analyses and multivariate regression models were performed. Results A significant positive correlation was observed between TyG Index and HbA1c (r≈0.38; p<0.0001), which remained significant after adjustment for confounders. Additionally, TyG Index was significantly correlated with SHR (r≈0.25; p=0.006), suggesting a link between insulin resistance and inflammatory status. Conclusions The TyG Index is significantly associated with glycemic control and inflammatory status in patients with T2DM. Its simplicity and availability from routine laboratory parameters make it a valuable tool for cardiometabolic risk stratification in primary care. Further large-scale studies are warranted.
Background Il diabete mellito tipo 2 è caratterizzato da insulino-resistenza ed elevato rischio cardiometabolico. L’identificazione di biomarcatori semplici e affidabili è fondamentale nella pratica clinica territoriale. Il TyG Index rappresenta un marcatore surrogato di insulino-resistenza, mentre lo Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR) riflette lo stato infiammatorio. Obiettivo Valutare la relazione tra controllo glicemico (HbA1c), TyG Index e SHR nei pazienti con diabete tipo 2 e il loro ruolo nella stratificazione del rischio cardiometabolico. Metodi Studio osservazionale prospettico su 113 pazienti adulti con diabete tipo 2 seguiti in medicina generale. Sono stati raccolti dati clinici, laboratoristici e terapeutici. Il TyG Index è stato calcolato come ln [trigliceridi (mg/dL) × glicemia a digiuno (mg/dL) / 2], e lo SHR come glicemia (mmol/L) / (1,59 × HbA1c) − 2,59. Sono state effettuate analisi di correlazione e regressione multivariata. Risultati È stata osservata una correlazione positiva e statisticamente significativa tra TyG Index e HbA1c (r≈0,38; p<0,0001), confermata anche dopo aggiustamento per fattori confondenti. Il TyG Index è risultato inoltre significativamente correlato con SHR (r≈0,25; p=0,006), suggerendo un legame tra insulino-resistenza e stato infiammatorio. Conclusioni Il TyG Index è significativamente associato al controllo glicemico e allo stato infiammatorio nei pazienti con diabete tipo 2. La sua semplicità e disponibilità nei dati di routine lo rendono uno strumento utile per la stratificazione del rischio cardiometabolico nella medicina generale. Sono necessari ulteriori studi su larga scala per confermare questi risultati.
Nuovi parametri metabolici nel paziente con diabete mellito tipo 2
DI RENZO, Federico
2026
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and is associated with a high burden of cardiometabolic complications. Identifying simple and reliable biomarkers for risk stratification is crucial in primary care settings. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index has emerged as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, while the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR) reflects inflammatory stress. Objective To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control (HbA1c), TyG Index, and SHR in patients with T2DM, and to assess their potential role in cardiometabolic risk stratification. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study including 113 adult outpatients with T2DM followed in a primary care setting. Clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic data were collected from electronic medical records. The TyG Index was calculated as ln [triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL) / 2], and SHR as glucose (mmol/L) / (1.59 × HbA1c) − 2.59. Correlation analyses and multivariate regression models were performed. Results A significant positive correlation was observed between TyG Index and HbA1c (r≈0.38; p<0.0001), which remained significant after adjustment for confounders. Additionally, TyG Index was significantly correlated with SHR (r≈0.25; p=0.006), suggesting a link between insulin resistance and inflammatory status. Conclusions The TyG Index is significantly associated with glycemic control and inflammatory status in patients with T2DM. Its simplicity and availability from routine laboratory parameters make it a valuable tool for cardiometabolic risk stratification in primary care. Further large-scale studies are warranted.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/379487
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMOL-379487