The study of root-microbe interactions is crucial for understanding the processes that regulate soil ecosystem functioning and resilience. This is particularly true in complex urban environments where anthropogenic pressure can seriously compromise these interactions, which remain poorly investigated. This PhD thesis provides a comprehensive investigation of root-soil-microbe interactions in different urban settings, specifically exploring the potential of some Nature-Based Solutions (NbS)—such as biochar amendment and assisted phytoremediation— in restoring/shaping soil ecological functions. The research demonstrates that urban rhizosphere dynamics are driven by urban gradient. Plants actively modulate their root morphology in response to more heterogeneous and potentially stressful soil conditions, while also influencing the structure and function of the associated microbiome. At the same time, root-associated microorganisms help to reshape the root system, generating a continual feedback loop that governs resource allocation and plant-soil interactions. Biochar amendment is found a powerful early regulator of urban root-microbe interactions. It enhances the transfer of root-derived carbon into microbial biomass and triggers a rapid functional shift, redirecting microbial energy away from stress-defense mechanisms and toward growth, respiration, and anabolic processes. Plant and bacteria also cooperate in a petri plate based assisted- phytoremediation system, where a selected microbial inoculum was found to act as a biopriming agent, not only aiding in DDT degradation, but also attenuating the Arabidopsis plant’s molecular stress response. This allows the plant to reallocate energy from defense to growth, proving that the success of phytoremediation depends on the functional complementarity between the plant and its microbiome. In conclusion, the thesis underscores that an in-depth understanding of rhizosphere interactions is essential for addressing urban environmental challenges, and that some NbS could effectively counterbalance urban dysbiosis while supporting ecosystem functionality and resilience. It supports for up-scaling these NbS approaches from controlled experiments to long-term field applications to effectively mitigate stressors and restore vital ecosystem services in unaccommodating urban landscapes.
Lo studio delle interazioni tra radici e microrganismi è fondamentale per comprendere i processi che regolano il funzionamento e la resilienza degli ecosistemi del suolo. Ciò è particolarmente rilevante negli ambienti urbani complessi, dove le pressioni antropiche possono compromettere in modo significativo tali interazioni, ancora oggi poco indagate. Questa tesi di dottorato offre un’analisi approfondita delle interazioni tra radici, suolo e microrganismi in diversi contesti urbani, esplorando in particolare il potenziale di alcune “Nature-Based Solutions (NbS)”, come l’ammendamento con biochar e il fitorimedio assistito, nel ripristinare e modellare le funzioni ecologiche del suolo. I risultati dimostrano che le dinamiche della rizosfera urbana sono fortemente influenzate dal gradiente urbano. Le piante modulano attivamente la propria morfologia radicale in risposta a condizioni del suolo più eterogenee e potenzialmente stressanti, influenzando al contempo la struttura e la funzione del microbioma associato. Parallelamente, i microrganismi associati alle radici contribuiscono a rimodellare l’architettura radicale, generando un continuo circuito di feedback che governa l’allocazione delle risorse e le interazioni pianta-suolo. L’ammendamento con biochar si è rivelato un potente regolatore precoce delle interazioni radice-microbo in ambiente urbano. Esso favorisce il trasferimento del carbonio derivato dalle radici verso la biomassa microbica e induce un rapido cambiamento funzionale, orientando il metabolismo microbico dai meccanismi di difesa dallo stress verso processi di crescita, respirazione e sintesi anabolica. Inoltre, in un sistema di fitorimedio assistito basato su piastre Petri, è emersa una cooperazione funzionale tra pianta e batteri: un inoculo microbico selezionato ha agito come agente di bio - stimolatore non solo favorendo la degradazione del DDT, ma anche attenuando la risposta molecolare allo stress della pianta di Arabidopsis. Ciò ha consentito alla pianta di riallocare energia dai meccanismi di difesa alla crescita, dimostrando che il successo del fitorimedio dipende dalla complementarità funzionale tra pianta e microbioma. In conclusione, la tesi evidenzia come una comprensione approfondita delle interazioni nella rizosfera sia essenziale per affrontare le sfide ambientali urbane, e come alcune Nature-Based Solutions possano contrastare efficacemente gli effetti negativi dell’ambiente urbano, sostenendo al contempo la funzionalità e la resilienza degli ecosistemi. I risultati supportano la necessità di trasferire queste strategie da esperimenti controllati ad applicazioni di lungo periodo in campo, al fine di mitigare efficacemente gli stress ambientali e ripristinare i servizi ecosistemici fondamentali negli ambienti urbani più degradati.
New perspectives in the rhizosphere root-microbe interactions
GILLINI, Anna
2026
Abstract
The study of root-microbe interactions is crucial for understanding the processes that regulate soil ecosystem functioning and resilience. This is particularly true in complex urban environments where anthropogenic pressure can seriously compromise these interactions, which remain poorly investigated. This PhD thesis provides a comprehensive investigation of root-soil-microbe interactions in different urban settings, specifically exploring the potential of some Nature-Based Solutions (NbS)—such as biochar amendment and assisted phytoremediation— in restoring/shaping soil ecological functions. The research demonstrates that urban rhizosphere dynamics are driven by urban gradient. Plants actively modulate their root morphology in response to more heterogeneous and potentially stressful soil conditions, while also influencing the structure and function of the associated microbiome. At the same time, root-associated microorganisms help to reshape the root system, generating a continual feedback loop that governs resource allocation and plant-soil interactions. Biochar amendment is found a powerful early regulator of urban root-microbe interactions. It enhances the transfer of root-derived carbon into microbial biomass and triggers a rapid functional shift, redirecting microbial energy away from stress-defense mechanisms and toward growth, respiration, and anabolic processes. Plant and bacteria also cooperate in a petri plate based assisted- phytoremediation system, where a selected microbial inoculum was found to act as a biopriming agent, not only aiding in DDT degradation, but also attenuating the Arabidopsis plant’s molecular stress response. This allows the plant to reallocate energy from defense to growth, proving that the success of phytoremediation depends on the functional complementarity between the plant and its microbiome. In conclusion, the thesis underscores that an in-depth understanding of rhizosphere interactions is essential for addressing urban environmental challenges, and that some NbS could effectively counterbalance urban dysbiosis while supporting ecosystem functionality and resilience. It supports for up-scaling these NbS approaches from controlled experiments to long-term field applications to effectively mitigate stressors and restore vital ecosystem services in unaccommodating urban landscapes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi_A_Gillini.pdf
embargo fino al 19/12/2027
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
26.11 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
26.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/379951
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMOL-379951