Masonry towers are widespread in many European countries and in Italy as well, representing one of the most prominent parts of our cultural and historical legacy. Recently the seismic performance assessment of these structures has become a central topic in structural engineering because of their high seismic vulnerability. This is mainly due to their peculiar structural configuration and poor mechanical properties which generally characterizes the masonry texture. Hence, a huge effort has already been made to assess the seismic response of these historical monuments from a structural point of view, generally neglecting the soil compliance effect in favour of a perfectly fixed-base condition. However, a fixed-base scheme is not always suitable to represent the actual in-situ soil conditions as the foundation deposits can be characterized by soft soils sequences that should not allow to use this approximation. Indeed, the occurrence of a tower resting on deformable deposits is not so remote and in addition it is often associated to relevant seismic hazard levels of the area. Nevertheless, a soil-structure interaction analysis is just occasionally considered because of the huge complexity of the problem, which is highly interdisciplinary and involves seismic, structural and geotechnical engineering expertise. In this context, this thesis has focused on investigating the soil-structure interaction influence on the seismic performance of masonry towers. The mechanical response of the masonry material has been described through the use of an advanced constitutive model which accounts for a plastic-damage behaviour and is able to catch the main features that characterize the dynamic response of a masonry structure. The research framework has mainly covered three aspects of the problem. First of all, the role of the soil deposit conditions has been studied throughout the investigation of the soil stratigraphic heterogeneity influence. Secondly, the impact of the soil dynamic behaviour has been examined following two different modelling approaches, i.e a linear visco-elastic and an equivalent-linear visco-elastic strategy. Finally, the relationship between the soil-structure interaction effects and the tower structural slenderness has been analysed. The numerical simulations have been carried out adopting a three-dimensional model of the problem and performing non-linear time-history analyses. The results of the study suggest that the soil-structure interaction phenomena can clearly affect the seismic performance of ancient masonry towers, modifying the modal properties, the seismic demand and the possible collapse modes affecting the structure if compared to the fixed-base scheme.
Le torri in muratura sono diffuse in molti paesi europei ed in particolare in Italia, rappresentando una porzione rilevante del nostro patrimonio storico-culturale. Recentemente gli studi di vulnerabilità sismica effettuati su queste strutture sono diventati un argomento centrale nell’ambito dell’ingegneria strutturale. Ciò è dovuto principalmente alla loro peculiare configurazione strutturale e alle proprietà meccaniche scadenti che generalmente ne caratterizzano la tessitura muraria. Per questi motivi è stato già profuso un grande sforzo atto a valutare la risposta sismica di antiche torri murarie da un punto di vista prettamente strutturale, trascurando però l'influenza della deformabilità del deposito fondale ed approssimando ad un incastro perfetto la condizione di vincolo imposta alla base del modello. Tuttavia, uno schema a base fissa non sempre rappresenta in maniera realistica le effettive condizioni riscontrabili in-situ, dal momento che i depositi fondali possono essere caratterizzati da sequenze stratigrafiche di terreni soffici che non consentono tale approssimazione. Peraltro, la possibilità di imbattersi in una torre edificata su depositi più o meno deformabili non è così remota ed inoltre è spesso associata a rilevanti livelli di pericolosità sismica della zona. Ciononostante, l'analisi di interazione terreno-struttura è solo occasionalmente effettuata a causa della grande complessità del problema che è altamente interdisciplinare e coinvolge competenze di ingegneria sismica, strutturale e geotecnica. In questo contesto, il lavoro di tesi si è quindi focalizzato sugli effetti che i fenomeni di interazione terreno-struttura determinano sulla risposta sismica di torri in muratura. Il comportamento meccanico della muratura è stato descritto mediante l’utilizzo di un modello costitutivo avanzato che prevede plasticità e danno ed è in grado di togliere le caratteristiche salienti della risposta dinamica di una struttura muraria. La ricerca ha riguardato principalmente tre aspetti del problema di interazione. In primo luogo, è stato analizzato l’effetto indotto dalle diverse condizioni di sito definendo diversi profili stratigrafici caratterizzati da un differente grado di eterogeneità. In secondo luogo, l'influenza determinata dalla modellazione del comportamento dinamico del terreno è stata esaminata utilizzando due diversi approcci: una modellazione visco-elastica lineare ed una visco-elastica equivalente. Infine, è stata analizzata la relazione che intercorre tra gli effetti di interazione terreno-struttura e la snellezza strutturale delle torri. Le simulazioni numeriche sono state condotte adottando una modellazione tridimensionale del problema ed effettuando analisi di tipo time-history non-lineare. I risultati dello studio suggeriscono che i fenomeni di interazione dinamica terreno-struttura possono sicuramente influenzare la risposta sismica delle torri in muratura, modificandone le proprietà modali, la domanda sismica ed i possibili meccanismi di collasso rispetto ad una schematizzazione a base fissa.
3D non-linear modelling of soil-structure interaction of masonry towers in dynamic conditions. = Modellazione tridimensionale non-lineare dell’interazione terreno-struttura di torri in muratura in condizioni dinamiche.
D'Oria, Aldo Fabio
2023
Abstract
Masonry towers are widespread in many European countries and in Italy as well, representing one of the most prominent parts of our cultural and historical legacy. Recently the seismic performance assessment of these structures has become a central topic in structural engineering because of their high seismic vulnerability. This is mainly due to their peculiar structural configuration and poor mechanical properties which generally characterizes the masonry texture. Hence, a huge effort has already been made to assess the seismic response of these historical monuments from a structural point of view, generally neglecting the soil compliance effect in favour of a perfectly fixed-base condition. However, a fixed-base scheme is not always suitable to represent the actual in-situ soil conditions as the foundation deposits can be characterized by soft soils sequences that should not allow to use this approximation. Indeed, the occurrence of a tower resting on deformable deposits is not so remote and in addition it is often associated to relevant seismic hazard levels of the area. Nevertheless, a soil-structure interaction analysis is just occasionally considered because of the huge complexity of the problem, which is highly interdisciplinary and involves seismic, structural and geotechnical engineering expertise. In this context, this thesis has focused on investigating the soil-structure interaction influence on the seismic performance of masonry towers. The mechanical response of the masonry material has been described through the use of an advanced constitutive model which accounts for a plastic-damage behaviour and is able to catch the main features that characterize the dynamic response of a masonry structure. The research framework has mainly covered three aspects of the problem. First of all, the role of the soil deposit conditions has been studied throughout the investigation of the soil stratigraphic heterogeneity influence. Secondly, the impact of the soil dynamic behaviour has been examined following two different modelling approaches, i.e a linear visco-elastic and an equivalent-linear visco-elastic strategy. Finally, the relationship between the soil-structure interaction effects and the tower structural slenderness has been analysed. The numerical simulations have been carried out adopting a three-dimensional model of the problem and performing non-linear time-history analyses. The results of the study suggest that the soil-structure interaction phenomena can clearly affect the seismic performance of ancient masonry towers, modifying the modal properties, the seismic demand and the possible collapse modes affecting the structure if compared to the fixed-base scheme.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/64167
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-64167