Italy is a country highly prone to seismic activity, as highlighted by events in the last 20 years. The historical built environment is predominantly composed of masonry buildings without seismic design, representing the portion of the Italian building heritage that requires increased attention for seismic risk mitigation. In light of this, the interest in this topic is continually growing, both to facilitate the rapid reuse of buildings in the post-earthquake phase and with a preventive perspective to reduce losses, including economic ones. The thesis work approaches this twofold issue, with a regional territorial application in mind. In the first phase, the aim is to achieve a suitable level of knowledge about residential masonry construction within the regional context of historical centers. To attain this goal, a new taxonomy describing macro-classes representative of historical centers was developed, utilizing the integration of multi-source and governed data in a GIS environment. Subsequently, the most common building types within the reference region were collected in a chart based on similar architectural and structural characteristics influencing the seismic behavior of structures. These data categories allowed the use of an intermediary tool, such as the CARTIS sheet, for the process of associating data at a territorial scale with the macro-classes of historical centers. In the second phase, a study of seismic vulnerability was conducted, expressed in terms of fragility curves and their representative parameters, for the most recurrent architectural and structural types in the reference regional context. This study considered their condition in the “as-is” state and subsequent to the application of reinforced plaster in the “post-int” state. The typological-mechanical approach involved structural modeling of archetypes related to the types contained in the chart, based on the combination of geometric-mechanical characteristics of the analyzed types through the POR2000 software. Non-linear static analyses were performed on the models for increasing seismic hazard values representative of the reference region. The comparison of fragility curves referred to “as-is” and “post-int” condition allowed the appreciation of the reduction in seismic vulnerability resulting from the application of the selected intervention. Part II of this work also unfolds in two phases. In the first phase, after identifying reference scenarios for the analyses, cost items related to the application of the selected intervention and the restoration of the actual state in the event of a seismic event were identified. These cost items were associated with fragility curves to define the economic feasibility of applying the intervention both among the analyzed architectural and structural types and within a geographical area. Based on the established criterion, it is possible to define the most suitable area as a case study for the analysis carried out in the concluding phase. In the last phase, the reference geographical area was considered to define costs and revenues applied to the reference scenarios for the financial feasibility analysis of the application of structural reinforcement intervention. In conclusion, the proposed procedure enables a rapid preliminary assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the building heritage in historical centers on a regional scale, also allowing the evaluation of the economic feasibility of an investment aimed at reducing seismic risk.
L'Italia è un Paese altamente soggetto ad attività sismica, come evidenziato dagli eventi degli ultimi 20 anni. L'edificato storico è prevalentemente costituito da edifici in muratura portante privi di progettazione antisismica, e rappresenta quella parte di patrimonio edilizio italiano che oggi richiede una maggiore attenzione per la mitigazione rischio sismico. Alla luce di ciò, l'interesse verso questo tema è sempre crescente, sia per agevolare il rapido riutilizzo degli edifici nella fase post-sisma, ma anche nell’ottica di prevenzione e riduzione delle perdite, anche economiche. Il presente lavoro di tesi, nell’ottica di un’applicazione a scala territoriale regionale, nella sua prima parte mira ad una valutazione di tipo strutturale, associata, nella seconda parte, alla possibilità di usufruire dell’ultima delle politiche di incentivi economici messa a punto dallo Stato Italiano (il Sismabonus) per far fronte all’applicazione di interventi strutturali per la della riduzione sismico, considerando l’applicazione dell’intonaco armato. La Parte I del presente lavoro si sviluppa in due fasi. Nella prima fase, l’obiettivo è quello di conseguire un elevato livello di conoscenza dell’edilizia residenziale in muratura appartenente al contesto di riferimento dei centri storici su scala territoriale regionale. Per raggiungere tale scopo, è stata messa a punto una nuova tassonomia in grado di descrivere macro-classi rappresentative dei centri storici, servendosi dell’integrazione di dati multi-sorgente e governati in ambiente GIS. Successivamente, le tipologie edilizie più diffuse all’interno della regione di riferimento sono state raccolte all’interno di un abaco costruito sulla base di caratteristiche architettonico-strutturali simili e in grado di influenzare il comportamento sismico delle strutture. Tali categorie di dati hanno consentito l’utilizzo di uno strumento intermediario, quale la scheda CARTIS, per il processo di associazione dei dati a scala territoriale con le macro-classi di centri storici. Nella seconda fase, è stato condotto di studio della vulnerabilità sismica, letto in termini di curve di fragilità e loro parametri rappresentativi, per le tipologie architettonico-strutturali più ricorrenti nel contesto di riferimento, nella loro condizione allo stato di fatto e successiva all’applicazione dell’intonaco armato. L’approccio tipologico-meccanico applicato ha previsto una modellazione strutturale di archetipi, riferiti alle tipologie contenute nell’abaco, basata sulla combinazione delle caratteristiche geometrico-meccaniche delle tipologie analizzate attraverso il software POR2000. Analisi statiche non lineari sono state condotte sui modelli per crescenti valori di pericolosità sismica rappresentativi della regione di riferimento. Dal confronto in termini di curve di fragilità è stato possibile apprezzare la riduzione della vulnerabilità sismica delle strutture in esame derivante dall’applicazione dell’intervento selezionato. La Parte II del presente lavoro si sviluppa in due fasi. Nella prima fase, a seguito dell’individuazione degli scenari di riferimento per le analisi, sono state individuate delle voci di costo riferite all’applicazione dell’intervento selezionato e al ripristino dello stato di fatto in caso di accadimento di un evento sismico. Tali voci di costo sono state associate alle curve di fragilità al fine di definire la convenienza economica dell’applicazione dell’intervento sia tra le tipologie architettonico-strutturali analizzate e sia in una area geografica. Sulla base del criterio stabilito è possibile definire l’area più idonea come caso studio per l’analisi svolta nella fase conclusiva. Nell’ultima fase, l’area geografica di riferimento è stata presa in considerazione per definire costi e ricavi applicati agli scenari di riferimento per l’analisi di fattibilità finanziaria dell’applicazione dell’intervento di rinforzo strutturale. In conclusione, la procedura proposta è in grado di consentire una rapida valutazione preliminare della vulnerabilità sismica del patrimonio edilizio nei centri storici su larga scala, consentendo inoltre di valutare la convenienza economica di un investimento finalizzato alla riduzione del rischio sismico.
Regional scale seismic analysis through mechanical approach and financial analysis of a strengthening intervention application in historical centres
Tosto, Chiara
2024
Abstract
Italy is a country highly prone to seismic activity, as highlighted by events in the last 20 years. The historical built environment is predominantly composed of masonry buildings without seismic design, representing the portion of the Italian building heritage that requires increased attention for seismic risk mitigation. In light of this, the interest in this topic is continually growing, both to facilitate the rapid reuse of buildings in the post-earthquake phase and with a preventive perspective to reduce losses, including economic ones. The thesis work approaches this twofold issue, with a regional territorial application in mind. In the first phase, the aim is to achieve a suitable level of knowledge about residential masonry construction within the regional context of historical centers. To attain this goal, a new taxonomy describing macro-classes representative of historical centers was developed, utilizing the integration of multi-source and governed data in a GIS environment. Subsequently, the most common building types within the reference region were collected in a chart based on similar architectural and structural characteristics influencing the seismic behavior of structures. These data categories allowed the use of an intermediary tool, such as the CARTIS sheet, for the process of associating data at a territorial scale with the macro-classes of historical centers. In the second phase, a study of seismic vulnerability was conducted, expressed in terms of fragility curves and their representative parameters, for the most recurrent architectural and structural types in the reference regional context. This study considered their condition in the “as-is” state and subsequent to the application of reinforced plaster in the “post-int” state. The typological-mechanical approach involved structural modeling of archetypes related to the types contained in the chart, based on the combination of geometric-mechanical characteristics of the analyzed types through the POR2000 software. Non-linear static analyses were performed on the models for increasing seismic hazard values representative of the reference region. The comparison of fragility curves referred to “as-is” and “post-int” condition allowed the appreciation of the reduction in seismic vulnerability resulting from the application of the selected intervention. Part II of this work also unfolds in two phases. In the first phase, after identifying reference scenarios for the analyses, cost items related to the application of the selected intervention and the restoration of the actual state in the event of a seismic event were identified. These cost items were associated with fragility curves to define the economic feasibility of applying the intervention both among the analyzed architectural and structural types and within a geographical area. Based on the established criterion, it is possible to define the most suitable area as a case study for the analysis carried out in the concluding phase. In the last phase, the reference geographical area was considered to define costs and revenues applied to the reference scenarios for the financial feasibility analysis of the application of structural reinforcement intervention. In conclusion, the proposed procedure enables a rapid preliminary assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the building heritage in historical centers on a regional scale, also allowing the evaluation of the economic feasibility of an investment aimed at reducing seismic risk.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/65301
URN:NBN:IT:POLIBA-65301