Still today the teaching method adopted in the most part of the schools is the approach to contents mediated by classroom-taught lesson, which is an obstacle to the wished change from actual legislative acts: other than not supporting the gain of competence, it also creates an increasing estrangement and refusal in the student. For this reason in the last ten years a new innovative instructional strategy has emerged in this direction: the flipped learning method. Our interest was immediately picked by this methodology because of its characteristics that, in our opinion, seem to fit well with the pedagogical approach to mathematics education. In this thesis, through a bibliographic study, we managed to define some different advantages that the use of the flipped learning can give thanks to its characteristics. What we focused on is the transition from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation, with particular attention to emotions (positive or negative) and the locus of control (internal or external), considering the positive influence that these factors can have on mathematics learning for as indisputable. A theoretical analysis allowed us to define the most suitable theoretical framework in which inserting our research: the self-determination theory by Deci and Ryan (1985). The authors assert that the environment in which the individual lives can hinder or promote self-determined behaviors (associated with intrinsic motivation) and this depends on the satisfaction of the three psychological fundamental needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness. Our analysis allowed us to conclude that the flipped learning appears to be a suitable environment for the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. In order to verify some of the hipothesis presented, an experimentation with the duration of 18 hours was organized for a total of 356 students belonging to different types of schools (Scientific High School, Classical High School, Fine Arts High School, Technical Institutes and Professional Institutes). Here it was proposed a learning unit, specifically created according to the flipped method, wich had as its main point the conic sections. Two self-report instruments were employed to get the information on the motivation in mathematics of the students who took part in the experimentation: a Likert scale questionnaire to conduct a statistical analysis, and a structured essay to conduct a narrative analysis. From the statistical analysis, no significant increase of intrinsic motivation and positive emotions was registered, neither a greater internalization of the locus of control due to the use of the flipped learning was observed. However, a highly significant decrease of the level of extrinsic motivation and negative emotions was noticed. With the narrative analysis of the structured essays, that were collected at the end of the experimentation, we tried to understand how and why the flipped learning method influenced some specific motivational and more generally affective aspects. From the reading of the students' essays about the experience, it seems that they felt a lot more frequently a motivation of the intrinsic type compared to the extrinsic one, and this seems to depend on some characteristics of flipped learning. Some final considerations are followed with the goal of drawing a common conclusion to the results obtained by the two methods of analysis. The use of the flipped learning method, with particular characteristics, could (continuing to facilitate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs) develop an intrinsic state motivation which, if iterated for long periods of time, could be transformed into trait motivation, becoming a stable characteristic of the individual.
Il metodo d’insegnamento applicato nella maggior parte delle realtà scolastiche è, ancora oggi, l’approccio per contenuti mediato dalla lezione frontale, che costituisce però un ostacolo al cambiamento tanto auspicato dai recenti atti normativi: oltre a non favorire l’acquisizione di competenze, genera anche una crescente estraniazione e un sempre maggior rifiuto negli studenti. Per tale ragione nel corso dell’ultimo decennio è emerso un metodo innovativo di apprendimento-insegnamento: il flipped learning. La metodologia ha destato da subito il nostro interesse per le sue particolari caratteristiche che ci sembra possano adattarsi bene all’insegnamento-apprendimento della matematica. In questa tesi, attraverso uno studio bibliografico, siamo riusciti a determinare diversi benefici a cui il flipped learning può portare, quello su cui ci siamo focalizzati è il passaggio da una motivazione estrinseca a una intrinseca, con particolare attenzione anche alle emozioni (positive o negative) e al locus of control (interno o esterno), tenendo presente l’influenza positiva che tali fattori possono avere sull’apprendimento in matematica. Un analisi teorica ci ha permesso di definire il quadro teorico più adatto all’interno del quale inserirsi e condurre la parte sperimentale del presente elaborato: la teoria dell’autodeterminazione di Deci e Ryan (1985). Gli autori sostengono che l’ambiente in cui il soggetto si trova può ostacolare o promuovere comportamenti autodeterminati (associati alla motivazione intrinseca) e ciò dipende dalla soddisfazione dei tre bisogni psicologici fondamentali di competenza, autonomia e relazionalità. La nostra analisi ci ha permesso di concludere che il flipped learning sembra essere un ambiente adatto al sostegno dei tre bisogni psicologici. Per verificare alcune delle ipotesi è stata organizzata una sperimentazione della durata indicativa di 18 ore su un totale di 356 studenti suddivisi tra licei scientifici, licei ad altro indirizzo, istituti tecnici e istituti professionali in cui è stata proposta un’unità di apprendimento, appositamente creata secondo le modalità flipped con argomento principale le sezioni coniche. Per ottenere informazioni sulla motivazione in matematica dagli studenti che hanno partecipato si sono sfruttati due strumenti self-report: un questionario in scala Likert, per poter svolgere un’analisi statistica, e un tema strutturato, per poter attuare un’analisi narrativa. Dall’analisi statistica non è emerso nessun aumento significativo di motivazione intrinseca ed emozioni positive, come non si è evidenziata una maggior internalizzazione del locus of control a seguito dell’utilizzo del flipped learning. Si è però notata una diminuzione altamente significativa del livello di motivazione estrinseca e di emozioni negative. Con l’analisi narrativa sui temi strutturati raccolti al termine del progetto abbiamo cercato di comprendere se, come e perché il flipped learning ha influito su determinati aspetti motivazionali e più in generale affettivi. Dai racconti dell’esperienza pare che gli studenti abbiamo provato molto più spesso una motivazione di tipo intrinseco rispetto a una di tipo estrinseco e ciò sembra dipendere da alcune delle caratteristiche del flipped learning. Sono seguite alcune considerazioni finali con l’obiettivo di trarre una conclusione comune ai risultati ottenuti dalle due modalità di analisi dei dati, ipotizzando che un utilizzo del flipped learning, con particolari caratteristiche, potrebbe (continuando a favorire la soddisfazione dei bisogni psicologici fondamentali) sviluppare negli studenti una motivazione di stato intrinseca in matematica che, se iterata per lunghi periodi, potrebbe trasformarsi in motivazione di tratto, entrando a far parte delle caratteristiche stabili del soggetto.
L’INFLUENZA DEL FLIPPED LEARNING SULLA MOTIVAZIONE NELL’INSEGNAMENTO-APPRENDIMENTO DELLA MATEMATICA
LAZZARI, Elena
2019
Abstract
Still today the teaching method adopted in the most part of the schools is the approach to contents mediated by classroom-taught lesson, which is an obstacle to the wished change from actual legislative acts: other than not supporting the gain of competence, it also creates an increasing estrangement and refusal in the student. For this reason in the last ten years a new innovative instructional strategy has emerged in this direction: the flipped learning method. Our interest was immediately picked by this methodology because of its characteristics that, in our opinion, seem to fit well with the pedagogical approach to mathematics education. In this thesis, through a bibliographic study, we managed to define some different advantages that the use of the flipped learning can give thanks to its characteristics. What we focused on is the transition from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation, with particular attention to emotions (positive or negative) and the locus of control (internal or external), considering the positive influence that these factors can have on mathematics learning for as indisputable. A theoretical analysis allowed us to define the most suitable theoretical framework in which inserting our research: the self-determination theory by Deci and Ryan (1985). The authors assert that the environment in which the individual lives can hinder or promote self-determined behaviors (associated with intrinsic motivation) and this depends on the satisfaction of the three psychological fundamental needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness. Our analysis allowed us to conclude that the flipped learning appears to be a suitable environment for the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. In order to verify some of the hipothesis presented, an experimentation with the duration of 18 hours was organized for a total of 356 students belonging to different types of schools (Scientific High School, Classical High School, Fine Arts High School, Technical Institutes and Professional Institutes). Here it was proposed a learning unit, specifically created according to the flipped method, wich had as its main point the conic sections. Two self-report instruments were employed to get the information on the motivation in mathematics of the students who took part in the experimentation: a Likert scale questionnaire to conduct a statistical analysis, and a structured essay to conduct a narrative analysis. From the statistical analysis, no significant increase of intrinsic motivation and positive emotions was registered, neither a greater internalization of the locus of control due to the use of the flipped learning was observed. However, a highly significant decrease of the level of extrinsic motivation and negative emotions was noticed. With the narrative analysis of the structured essays, that were collected at the end of the experimentation, we tried to understand how and why the flipped learning method influenced some specific motivational and more generally affective aspects. From the reading of the students' essays about the experience, it seems that they felt a lot more frequently a motivation of the intrinsic type compared to the extrinsic one, and this seems to depend on some characteristics of flipped learning. Some final considerations are followed with the goal of drawing a common conclusion to the results obtained by the two methods of analysis. The use of the flipped learning method, with particular characteristics, could (continuing to facilitate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs) develop an intrinsic state motivation which, if iterated for long periods of time, could be transformed into trait motivation, becoming a stable characteristic of the individual.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/71782
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFE-71782