Despite excellent survival, relapse occurs in 20% of children with ALL. Deep analyses of cell signaling pathways allow us to identify new markers and/or targets promising a higher efficacy and less toxicity therapy. We investigated the expression of CK2, MYC and ERG in specific subgroups of pediatric ALL (B- and T-lineage) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PI3K) signaling pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. We analyzed 61 diagnostic samples collected from 35 patients with B- and 26 with T-ALL, respectively. We evaluated expression of CK2, MYC and ERG genes using Sybr-Green assay and the comparative 2-ΔΔCt method using 20 Healthy Donors (HDs). Moreover, we determined the expression of PI3K and JAK-STAT signaling components in both primary and immortalized T-ALL cells as well as in normal T cells using an optimized cytometric method for accurate proteomic profiling of T-ALL leukemic blasts at single-cell level. We observed a statistically significant difference in CK2 expression in non-HR (p=0.010) and in HR (p=0.0003) T-ALL cases compared to HDs. T-ALLs with PTEN-Exon7 mutation, IKZF1 and CDKN2A deletions showed a high CK2 expression. MYC expression was higher in pediatric T-ALLs than HDs (p=0.019). Surprisingly, we found a MYC expression higher in non-HR than in HR T-ALLs. TLX3 (HOX11L2) rearranged T-ALLs (27%) in association with CRLF2 overexpression (23%) showed a very high MYC expression. In B-ALLs, we detected a CK2 expression higher than HDs and MYC overexpression in HR compared to non-HR, particularly in MLL-rearranged B-ALLs. We observed a strong difference of ERG expression between pediatric T- and B-ALL cases. About proteomic profile of T-ALLs, we observed that PTEN Exon 7 mutated T-ALL cells retain a distinct PI3K activation in particular these cells show higher pAkt levels and a lower pS6 expression. Interestingly we demonstrated for the first time that PTEN Exon 7 mutated T-ALL are non-responsive to IL7 in vitro as assessed by lack of pSTAT5 activation, although they do express IL7R. We confirmed CK2 as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. In pediatric B-ALLs, high expression of MYC is related to HR features. We also observed an opposite impact of ERG expression in T- rather than B-ALLs. About phospho-proteomic data, we show as Phosphoflow analysis represents a fast, reliable and accurate method to study the signaling profile of T-ALL. PTEN Exon7 mutated T-ALL cells are not responsive to IL7 in vitro suggesting that they may activate other mechanisms to support their viability and proliferation such as a higher constitutive PI3K/Akt signaling. Our observations should be considered in future studies aiming at molecular targeting of PI3K and/or JAK/STAT pathways for pharmacological intervention in T-ALL.
Nonostante l'eccellente sopravvivenza, la recidiva di Leucemia si verifica nel 20% dei bambini affetti da LLA. Analisi approfondite dei pathway di signalling cellulare ci consentono di identificare nuovi marcatori e/o target che promettono una terapia più efficace e meno tossica. Abbiamo studiato l'espressione di CK2, MYC ed ERG in sottogruppi specifici di LLA pediatrica (linea B e T) e la via di segnalazione PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PI3K) nelle leucemie linfoblastiche acute a cellule T. Abbiamo analizzato 61 campioni diagnostici raccolti da 35 pazienti con B- e 26 con T-ALL, rispettivamente. Abbiamo valutato l'espressione dei geni CK2, MYC ed ERG utilizzando il saggio Sybr-Green e il metodo comparativo 2-ΔΔCt utilizzando 20 donatori sani (HD). Inoltre, abbiamo determinato l'espressione di fosfoproteine dei pathway PI3K e JAK-STAT sia nelle cellule T-ALL primarie che immortalate, nonché nelle cellule T normali utilizzando un metodo citometrico ottimizzato per un'accurata analisi proteomica delle diagnosi leucemiche di T-ALL. Abbiamo osservato una differenza statisticamente significativa nell'espressione di CK2 nei casi T-ALL non-HR (Alto Rischio) e HR rispetto ai Donatori Sani.I pazienti T-ALL con mutazione PTEN-Exon7, delezioni IKZF1 e CDKN2A hanno mostrato un'elevata espressione di CK2. L'espressione di MYC era più alta nelle T-ALL pediatriche rispetto ai Donatori Sani. Sorprendentemente, abbiamo trovato un'espressione di MYC più alta nei non HR rispetto ai T-ALL HR. TLX3 (HOX11L2) ha riorganizzato T-ALL (27%) in associazione con la sovraespressione di CRLF2 (23%) ha mostrato un'espressione di MYC molto elevata. In B-ALL, abbiamo rilevato un'espressione di CK2 superiore ai Donatori Sani e sovraespressione di MYC in HR rispetto a non HR, in particolare in B-ALL con MLL mutato. Abbiamo osservato una forte differenza nell'espressione di ERG tra i casi pediatrici T- e B-ALL. Per quanto riguarda il profilo proteomico delle T-ALL, abbiamo osservato che le cellule T-ALL mutate per PTEN Exon 7 mantengono un'attivazione distinta di PI3K, in particolare queste cellule mostrano livelli di pAkt più elevati e un'espressione di pS6 inferiore. È interessante notare che abbiamo dimostrato per la prima volta che i T-ALL mutati per PTEN Exon 7 non rispondono a IL7 in vitro come valutato dalla mancanza di attivazione di pSTAT5, sebbene esprimano IL7R. In conclusione abbiamo confermato CK2 come marcatore prognostico e target terapeutico. Nelle B-ALL pediatriche, l'elevata espressione di MYC è correlata all' alto rischio di prognosi. Abbiamo anche osservato un impatto opposto dell'espressione di ERG nelle T- piuttosto che nelle B-ALL. Per quanto riguarda i dati fosfo-proteomici, l'analisi di Phosphoflow rappresenta un metodo veloce, affidabile e accurato per studiare il profilo di signalling delle T-ALL. Le cellule T-ALL mutate per PTEN Exon7 non rispondono a IL7 in vitro, suggerendo che possono attivare altri meccanismi per supportare la loro vitalità e proliferazione. Le nostre osservazioni dovrebbero essere prese in considerazione in studi futuri mirati al targeting molecolare delle vie PI3K e/o JAK/STAT per l'intervento farmacologico nella T-ALL.
APPROFONDIMENTI DELLO SCENARIO GENOMICO E PROTEOMICO DELLE LEUCEMIE LINFOBLASTICHE ACUTE PEDIATRICHE
BONACCORSO, PAOLA
2023
Abstract
Despite excellent survival, relapse occurs in 20% of children with ALL. Deep analyses of cell signaling pathways allow us to identify new markers and/or targets promising a higher efficacy and less toxicity therapy. We investigated the expression of CK2, MYC and ERG in specific subgroups of pediatric ALL (B- and T-lineage) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PI3K) signaling pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. We analyzed 61 diagnostic samples collected from 35 patients with B- and 26 with T-ALL, respectively. We evaluated expression of CK2, MYC and ERG genes using Sybr-Green assay and the comparative 2-ΔΔCt method using 20 Healthy Donors (HDs). Moreover, we determined the expression of PI3K and JAK-STAT signaling components in both primary and immortalized T-ALL cells as well as in normal T cells using an optimized cytometric method for accurate proteomic profiling of T-ALL leukemic blasts at single-cell level. We observed a statistically significant difference in CK2 expression in non-HR (p=0.010) and in HR (p=0.0003) T-ALL cases compared to HDs. T-ALLs with PTEN-Exon7 mutation, IKZF1 and CDKN2A deletions showed a high CK2 expression. MYC expression was higher in pediatric T-ALLs than HDs (p=0.019). Surprisingly, we found a MYC expression higher in non-HR than in HR T-ALLs. TLX3 (HOX11L2) rearranged T-ALLs (27%) in association with CRLF2 overexpression (23%) showed a very high MYC expression. In B-ALLs, we detected a CK2 expression higher than HDs and MYC overexpression in HR compared to non-HR, particularly in MLL-rearranged B-ALLs. We observed a strong difference of ERG expression between pediatric T- and B-ALL cases. About proteomic profile of T-ALLs, we observed that PTEN Exon 7 mutated T-ALL cells retain a distinct PI3K activation in particular these cells show higher pAkt levels and a lower pS6 expression. Interestingly we demonstrated for the first time that PTEN Exon 7 mutated T-ALL are non-responsive to IL7 in vitro as assessed by lack of pSTAT5 activation, although they do express IL7R. We confirmed CK2 as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. In pediatric B-ALLs, high expression of MYC is related to HR features. We also observed an opposite impact of ERG expression in T- rather than B-ALLs. About phospho-proteomic data, we show as Phosphoflow analysis represents a fast, reliable and accurate method to study the signaling profile of T-ALL. PTEN Exon7 mutated T-ALL cells are not responsive to IL7 in vitro suggesting that they may activate other mechanisms to support their viability and proliferation such as a higher constitutive PI3K/Akt signaling. Our observations should be considered in future studies aiming at molecular targeting of PI3K and/or JAK/STAT pathways for pharmacological intervention in T-ALL.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/72081
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-72081