The present research focuses on the relationship between the local development phenomenon and the issue of digital divide. The aim pursued consist of the formulation of hypotheses with a view to answer some questions in relation to the two issues mentioned. In other words, the typical instruments for local development are questioned as to their potential role in reducing, or at least, containing digital divide in its two versions, ie the differences in access patterns to the Internet and in the degree of computer literacy. Furthermore, to the present research intends to look into the issue whether, once filled the gap, positive effects may be triggered to the benefit of the development of an area. in order to try to answer the questions posed, therefore, the need arises of understanding first what is meant by digital divide by studying the phenomenon since its inception and analyzing the various hypotheses of evolution of the gap over time and, simultaneously, its different morphology based on the reference context. As a matter of fact, it should be noted that the digital divide is not a static phenomenon, linked exclusively to the advent of the new internet technology, but an ever evolving concept, widely recognized as a moving target . Therefore, the different meanings of the phenomenon will be addressed, focusing in particular on two cases: the structural digital divide and the actual one. The issue of access to the internet will then be dealt with, both from a legal and a technical point of view, in order to acquire the tools necessary to understand how to reduce the digital divide. Regarding the first aspect, some of the concepts derived from Community law will be analyzed, under which it is possible to regard network access not only as a need for social and economic development but also, and above all, as a right. These include in particular the universal service and network neutrality, both concepts that are changing the perception of access to the Internet by giving it a well-defined legal significance that warrants protection by the European legislator. On the technical aspect, the issue of network infrastructure is addressed - in particular within the section on access - by analyzing the different types of broadband are currently on the market and evaluating, for each one, the benefits and costs so as to understand the market opposition determining the continued presence of the digital divide. Once understood the phenomenon and the reasons for market opposition, the recent regulatory intervention will be outlined, both at Community and national level, with a view to reducing the digital divide. The various initiatives by the Italian regions (also known as e-strategies, namely regional action plans to exploit the potential of ICT for development) will be looked at, with the exception of Sicily. Through the analysis of the different local Italian realities, we will try to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the intervention on the local reduction of the digital divide, with particular reference to rural funds, noting, where appropriate, any best practices identified. In light of the results obtained the issue of the digital divide reduction in the region of Sicily will be addressed, taking into consideration the role of institutions, the characteristics of the territory, population growth, the current digital divide detected, the presence of local virtuosos communications operators, as well as the inherent potential related to the use of the Internet as a useful tool for economic and social growth. We will, finally, draw the conclusions on what outlined within the present work in order to identify hypothetical answers to the questions posed by providing, on the one hand, some insight on possible patterns of intervention and, on the other, taking into account the virtuosity found in the network, such to create a positive effect on the development of the local areas.
L'oggetto della ricerca si incentra nella correlazione tra il fenomeno dello sviluppo locale e la problematica del digital divide. L'intento che si intende perseguire consiste nella formulazione di ipotesi di risposta ad alcune domande poste in relazione alle due tematiche citate. In altri termini ci si chiede se gli strumenti tipici dello sviluppo locale possano o meno svolgere un ruolo nella riduzione, o quantomeno, nel contenimento del divario digitale inteso nella sua duplice versione ossia differenza nella dotazione all accesso alla rete internet e disparità nel grado di alfabetizzazione informatica. Inoltre si intende comprendere se, colmato il divario, possano derivare, o meno, effetti tali da contribuire allo sviluppo di un territorio. Per cercare di rispondere alle domande formulate, occorrerà pertanto capire cosa si intende per digital divide studiando, il fenomeno sin dalla sua nascita nonché analizzando le diverse ipotesi di evoluzione del divario nel tempo e, contestualmente, la differente morfologia che esso assume in base al contesto di riferimento. Occorre, infatti, notare che il divario digitale non è un fenomeno statico, legato esclusivamente all'avvento della nuova tecnologia internet, ma un concetto in continua evoluzione, noto nell ambiente come moving target. Pertanto, si affronteranno le differenti accezioni del fenomeno concentrandosi in particolare su due fattispecie: il digital divide strutturale e quello reale. Sarà quindi trattata la tematica dell'accesso alla rete internet, sia da un punto di vista giuridico che tecnico, al fine di acquisire gli strumenti necessari per comprendere le modalità di ridurre il divario digitale. Una volta quindi compreso il fenomeno e le relative ragioni di resistenza del mercato si passeranno in rassegna i recenti interventi governativi sia di stampo comunitario che nazionale volti alla riduzione del digital divide. Verranno presi, invece, in analisi i diversi interventi realizzati dalle regioni italiane ad eccezione della regione Sicilia. Attraverso l'analisi rivolta alle diverse realtà locali italiane, si cercherà di valutare l'eventuale efficienza dell intervento locale in merito alla riduzione del divario digitale con particolare riferimento ai Fondi rurali, sottolineando, se del caso, le best practices riscontrate. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti verrà affrontata la questione della riduzione del divario digitale nella regione siciliana prendendo in considerazioni il ruolo delle istituzioni, le caratteristiche del territorio, la crescita della popolazione, l'attuale divario digitale rilevato, l'eventuale presenza di operatori locali virtuosi delle comunicazioni, nonché le potenzialità intrinseche legate all'utilizzo di internet quale utile strumento di crescita economico-sociale. Si trarranno, infine, le conclusioni di quanto posto nel corso della trattazione per prospettare delle risposte ipotizzabili alle domande poste fornendo da un lato alcuni spunti di riflessione su possibili ipotesi di intervento e dall'altro prendendo in considerazione i virtuosismi riscontrati in rete tali da creare un effetto positivo nello sviluppo locale del territorio.
Sviluppo locale e digital divide
DI GIORGI, FRANCESCO
2011
Abstract
The present research focuses on the relationship between the local development phenomenon and the issue of digital divide. The aim pursued consist of the formulation of hypotheses with a view to answer some questions in relation to the two issues mentioned. In other words, the typical instruments for local development are questioned as to their potential role in reducing, or at least, containing digital divide in its two versions, ie the differences in access patterns to the Internet and in the degree of computer literacy. Furthermore, to the present research intends to look into the issue whether, once filled the gap, positive effects may be triggered to the benefit of the development of an area. in order to try to answer the questions posed, therefore, the need arises of understanding first what is meant by digital divide by studying the phenomenon since its inception and analyzing the various hypotheses of evolution of the gap over time and, simultaneously, its different morphology based on the reference context. As a matter of fact, it should be noted that the digital divide is not a static phenomenon, linked exclusively to the advent of the new internet technology, but an ever evolving concept, widely recognized as a moving target . Therefore, the different meanings of the phenomenon will be addressed, focusing in particular on two cases: the structural digital divide and the actual one. The issue of access to the internet will then be dealt with, both from a legal and a technical point of view, in order to acquire the tools necessary to understand how to reduce the digital divide. Regarding the first aspect, some of the concepts derived from Community law will be analyzed, under which it is possible to regard network access not only as a need for social and economic development but also, and above all, as a right. These include in particular the universal service and network neutrality, both concepts that are changing the perception of access to the Internet by giving it a well-defined legal significance that warrants protection by the European legislator. On the technical aspect, the issue of network infrastructure is addressed - in particular within the section on access - by analyzing the different types of broadband are currently on the market and evaluating, for each one, the benefits and costs so as to understand the market opposition determining the continued presence of the digital divide. Once understood the phenomenon and the reasons for market opposition, the recent regulatory intervention will be outlined, both at Community and national level, with a view to reducing the digital divide. The various initiatives by the Italian regions (also known as e-strategies, namely regional action plans to exploit the potential of ICT for development) will be looked at, with the exception of Sicily. Through the analysis of the different local Italian realities, we will try to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the intervention on the local reduction of the digital divide, with particular reference to rural funds, noting, where appropriate, any best practices identified. In light of the results obtained the issue of the digital divide reduction in the region of Sicily will be addressed, taking into consideration the role of institutions, the characteristics of the territory, population growth, the current digital divide detected, the presence of local virtuosos communications operators, as well as the inherent potential related to the use of the Internet as a useful tool for economic and social growth. We will, finally, draw the conclusions on what outlined within the present work in order to identify hypothetical answers to the questions posed by providing, on the one hand, some insight on possible patterns of intervention and, on the other, taking into account the virtuosity found in the network, such to create a positive effect on the development of the local areas.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/73282
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-73282