Beyond the historical Risorgimento investigated by professional historians, beyond the literary version told by writers and Italian narrators at the turn of the nineteenth century, there exist other forms of the Risorgimento, such as those told in images, on the big screen from 1905 and on the small screen from 1954. Images by directors and screenwriters who during the course of the 20th century have re-read in different ways, revisited rethought, and even re-invented the constructional process of National Unity. In some cases they have anticipated themes that the historical debate have only appropriated afterwards. In this thesis, only a few of the films and TV serials have been chosen from the universe of celluloid available, selected on the basis of the historical arguments discussed: the representation of Sicily in 1860 and the heroic acts of the Thousand; the collapse of the Bourbons, the theme of the defeated Bourbons, the explosion of organized banditry and the socio-political malaise in the people of the South of Italy. A single vision of the Risorgimental process and its protagonists does not emerge, rather a plurality of memories and glances . Indeed various symbols and representations of the nation affirm themselves, characterized at times by patriotic enthusiasm, at times by nationalistic rhetoric, and at times by ideological criticism and by political rethinking, according to the historical moment in which they were produced and who produced them. However the visual narration of Risorgimental history have not been residual or marginal regards the more complex processes of a construction of the Nation-State and of the various identities of the Italian people. On the contrary, they have contributed, all be it in limited way, to the first decades of the 1900 s, to an elaboration our country of a form of functional policy of the nationalization of the masses.
Oltre al Risorgimento storiografico investigato da studiosi e da storici di professione, a quello letterario, romanzato da scrittori e narratori italiani otto-novecenteschi, esistono anche altri Risorgimenti, quali quelli raccontati in immagini, sul grande schermo a partire dal 1905, sul piccolo schermo dal 1954, da registi e sceneggiatori che nel corso del XX secolo hanno in vario modo riletto, rivisitato, ripensato, a volte reinventato, il processo costitutivo dell unità nazionale. In alcuni casi anche anticipato temi che il dibattito storiografico ha fatto propri solo successivamente. Di questo universo di celluloide nella presente tesi sono stati analizzati solo alcuni film e telefilm, selezionati in relazione ai snodi storiografici affrontati: la rappresentazione della Sicilia nel 1860 e dell impresa dei Mille; il crollo del Regno dei Borbone, il tema dei vinti borbonici, l esplodere del brigantaggio e del malessere politico-sociale delle popolazioni del Mezzogiorno d Italia. Non emerge da essi una visone univoca del processo risorgimentale e dei suoi protagonisti ma piuttosto una pluralità di «memorie» e di sguardi. Si affermano infatti varie iconologie della Nazione, caratterizzate ora dall entusiasmo patriottico, ora dalla retorica nazionalista, ora dalla critica ideologica e dal ripensamento politico, a seconda del momento storico in cui sono stati prodotte e da chi le ha prodotte. Le narrazioni visuali della storia risorgimentale non sono state comunque residuali o marginali rispetto ai processi più complessi di costruzione dello Stato-Nazione e delle varie identità degli Italiani, contribuendo, sia pure limitatamente ai primi decenni del Novecento, all elaborazione anche nel nostro paese di un estetica della politica funzionale alla nazionalizzazione delle masse.
Schermi multipli e plurime visioni
GIARDINA, TULLIA
2011
Abstract
Beyond the historical Risorgimento investigated by professional historians, beyond the literary version told by writers and Italian narrators at the turn of the nineteenth century, there exist other forms of the Risorgimento, such as those told in images, on the big screen from 1905 and on the small screen from 1954. Images by directors and screenwriters who during the course of the 20th century have re-read in different ways, revisited rethought, and even re-invented the constructional process of National Unity. In some cases they have anticipated themes that the historical debate have only appropriated afterwards. In this thesis, only a few of the films and TV serials have been chosen from the universe of celluloid available, selected on the basis of the historical arguments discussed: the representation of Sicily in 1860 and the heroic acts of the Thousand; the collapse of the Bourbons, the theme of the defeated Bourbons, the explosion of organized banditry and the socio-political malaise in the people of the South of Italy. A single vision of the Risorgimental process and its protagonists does not emerge, rather a plurality of memories and glances . Indeed various symbols and representations of the nation affirm themselves, characterized at times by patriotic enthusiasm, at times by nationalistic rhetoric, and at times by ideological criticism and by political rethinking, according to the historical moment in which they were produced and who produced them. However the visual narration of Risorgimental history have not been residual or marginal regards the more complex processes of a construction of the Nation-State and of the various identities of the Italian people. On the contrary, they have contributed, all be it in limited way, to the first decades of the 1900 s, to an elaboration our country of a form of functional policy of the nationalization of the masses.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/73411
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-73411