Calonectria species have been associated on broad plant host range worldwide causing numerous disease symptoms. On horticultural crops, Calonectria species have been reported mostly from the Northern Hemisphere, especially in gardens and ornamental nurseries. Benzimidazoles (MBCs) and prochloraz are the main fungicides for chemical management of Calonectria diseases. However, the use of MBCs has been seriously questioned by the development of resistant C. pauciramosa and C. morganii populations in Italy. In this study, several survey in field were conducted observing and detecting in Italy a new disease on Laurus nobilis caused by Calonectria ilicicola and new diseases in Tunisia on several ornamental plants caused by Calonectria mexicana and Calonectria polizzii, and two novel species: Calonectria tunisiana and Calonectria pseudomexicana. In addition an assay were conducted to determine the prochloraz-sensitivity in an Italian population belonging to Calonectria scoparia complex and collected in two different year periods (1993-1996 and 2005-2009). The reduced sensitivity observed in vitro was also confirmed in experimental trials carried out in vivo. These represent the first data on prochloraz-sensitivity in populations of Calonectria species.
Le specie appartenenti al genere Calonectria sono state associate ad un'ampia gamma di piante ospite, causando vari sintomi di malattia e presenti in tutto il mondo. Su colture orticole, le specie di Calonectria sono state riportate per lo più nell'emisfero settentrionale, soprattutto in giardini e nei vivai di produzione di piante ornamentali. Benzimidazoli (MBC) e procloraz sono i fungicidi principali per il controllo chimico delle malattie causate da Calonectria spp. Tuttavia, l'uso di MBC è stato posto seriamente in dubbio dallo sviluppo di resistenza da parte di popolazioni di C. pauciramosa e C. morganii in Italia. In questo studio, sono stati condotti diversi monitoraggi in campo, osservando e rilevando una nuova malattia in Italia su piante di Laurus nobilis, causata da Calonectria ilicicola e nuove malattie in Tunisia su diverse piante ornamentali causate da Calonectria mexicana e Calonectria polizzii, oltre a due specie nuove: Calonectria Tunisiana e Calonectria pseudomexicana. Inoltre è stato effettuato un saggio per determinare la sensibilità al procloraz in una popolazione italiana appartenente a Calonectria scoparia spp. complex comprendente isolati raccolti in due periodi diversi (1993-1996 e 2005-2009). La sensibilità ridotta osservata in vitro è stata confermata anche in prove sperimentali effettuate in vivo. Questi rappresentano i primi dati sulla sensibilità al procloraz in popolazioni di Calonectria spp.
Detection of new Calonectria spp. and Calonectria Diseases and Changes in Fungicide Sensitivity in Calonectria scoparia Complex
GUARNACCIA, VLADIMIRO
2012
Abstract
Calonectria species have been associated on broad plant host range worldwide causing numerous disease symptoms. On horticultural crops, Calonectria species have been reported mostly from the Northern Hemisphere, especially in gardens and ornamental nurseries. Benzimidazoles (MBCs) and prochloraz are the main fungicides for chemical management of Calonectria diseases. However, the use of MBCs has been seriously questioned by the development of resistant C. pauciramosa and C. morganii populations in Italy. In this study, several survey in field were conducted observing and detecting in Italy a new disease on Laurus nobilis caused by Calonectria ilicicola and new diseases in Tunisia on several ornamental plants caused by Calonectria mexicana and Calonectria polizzii, and two novel species: Calonectria tunisiana and Calonectria pseudomexicana. In addition an assay were conducted to determine the prochloraz-sensitivity in an Italian population belonging to Calonectria scoparia complex and collected in two different year periods (1993-1996 and 2005-2009). The reduced sensitivity observed in vitro was also confirmed in experimental trials carried out in vivo. These represent the first data on prochloraz-sensitivity in populations of Calonectria species.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/74827
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-74827