Abiotic stresses (eg. drought, salinity) severely reduce the crop yield worldwide. For this reason, attention was paid to these important environmental problems. Few studies, however, have dealt specifically with ornamentals used in the landscapes, nevertheless abiotic stresses cause serious damage to these species. In this complex frame, the trials conducted in the current thesis, were: - screening of ornamental shrubs to sea aerosol; - physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress of Photinia ×fraseri Dress 'Red Robin' and Eugenia uniflora L. 'Etna Fire'; - effects of water temperatures on hydraulic conductivity of six species of Iberian pines; - response of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels and Viburnum tinus L. 'Lucidum' to sea aerosol and surfactants under different environmental conditions; - response to salt stress in relation to the ways of apply salt in Photinia ×fraseri Dress 'Red Robin'. The trials conducted, different in objectives, methods, biological materials, have determined that: - screening is an important instrument to evaluate plant responses to a specific stress; however it is possible to find difference among cultivars of the same species; - in ornamental plants the parameters have to be able to describe the aesthetic value; for these reasons relevance acquired shoot dry weight, leaf area and above all percentage of leaf damage; - the physiological determinations (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis), especially if correlated each other, provide useful information on the mechanisms of stress damage; - the biochemical determinations, although expensive, may offer information about the mechanisms of action; - plant response to stress is related to environmental conditions: changes in photothermal complex influence the response of plant genotype; - the complex of stresses can sometimes intensify the plant damage, but it has not been always observed a synergic effect among stresses; - the response to a specific stress, such as salinity, changes according the different way to salt application: in Photinia, salt solution to the root system determined a greater damage than when salt was applied on the leaves; - the analysis on ion concentration (Na+ and Cl-) in plant tissues and the study of their translocation/compartmentalization has allowed to better understand the plant response to salt stress; - the analysis of stress may also represent an important approach to evaluate the global change effects. In conclusion, nevertheless the complexity of the topic, results obtained showed how the response to abiotic stress is deeply influenced by genotype. Moreover, in the ornamental plants, this variety let the research more difficult due to the huge biological potential. In this frame, the possibility to individuate a potentially quick, reliable and inexpensive procedure, that can provide a useful means of whole plant tolerance, assumes great interest.
Da tempo l’attenzione della ricerca si è concentrata sugli stress abiotici (es. idrico, salino) a causa delle forti riduzioni che determinano sulle rese. Pochi studi, però, si sono occupati delle piante ornamentali utilizzate negli spazi a verde, nonostante gravi danni che subiscono per effetto di questi stress. In questo quadro, le prove condotte nell’ambito della tesi hanno riguardato: - screening della risposta di diversi arbusti ornamentali allo spray marino; - risposta fisiologica e biochimica di Photinia ×fraseri Dress Red Robin ed Eugenia uniflora L. Etna Fire allo stress idrico; - effetti della differente temperatura dell’acqua sulla conducibilità idraulica di sei specie di pini iberici; - risposta di Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels e Viburnum tinus L. Lucidum ad aerosol marino e surfactanti in condizioni ambientali differenziate; - risposta allo stress salino in rapporto alla modalità di somministrazione del sale in Photinia ×fraseri Dress Red Robin . In estrema sintesi le prove, diverse per obiettivi, metodi, materiali biologici, hanno consentito di stabilire che: - lo screening fra genotipi è uno strumento importante per valutare la risposta delle piante, che tuttavia si può modificare a livello intraspecifico; - nelle piante ornamentali è importante valutare il valore estetico; per tale motivo assumono interesse caratteri come peso secco della porzione epigea, area fogliare e soprattutto la percentuale di danno alle foglie; - le determinazioni fisiologiche (tasso di traspirazione, conduttanza stomatica e fotosintesi netta), soprattutto se correlate tra loro, forniscono utili informazioni sui meccanismi di azione; - le determinazioni biochimiche, anche se onerose, possono aiutare a capire la risposta delle piante; - le risposte sono influenzate dall’interazione del genotipo con le condizioni ambientali; - l’associazione fra stress diversi può talvolta intensificare i danni alle pianta, anche se non sempre si osservano effetti sinergici; - la risposta ad uno stress, come quello salino, si modifica in relazione alla modalità di applicazione della soluzione salina; in Photinia, ad esempio, i maggiori danni si sono avuto con la somministrazione di sale direttamente all’apparato radicale; - l'analisi della concentrazione di ioni (Na+ e Cl-) nei diversi tessuti vegetali e lo studio della loro traslocazione/compartimentalizzazione consente di comprendere meglio la risposta della pianta allo stress salino; - lo studio dello stress può rappresentare un importante approccio per la valutazione degli effetti futuri del global change. In sintesi i risultati ottenuti indicano come la risposta agli stress abiotici dipenda in misura rilevante dal genotipo. Nelle piante ornamentali, in considerazione dell’ampia articolazione biologica, questo aspetto certamente complica le indagini, per cui assume interesse la possibilità di individuare metodi non distruttivi di diagnosi precoce della tolleranza agli stress abiotici.
Risposta di specie ornamentali a stress abiotici
FARIERI, ELISA
2014
Abstract
Abiotic stresses (eg. drought, salinity) severely reduce the crop yield worldwide. For this reason, attention was paid to these important environmental problems. Few studies, however, have dealt specifically with ornamentals used in the landscapes, nevertheless abiotic stresses cause serious damage to these species. In this complex frame, the trials conducted in the current thesis, were: - screening of ornamental shrubs to sea aerosol; - physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress of Photinia ×fraseri Dress 'Red Robin' and Eugenia uniflora L. 'Etna Fire'; - effects of water temperatures on hydraulic conductivity of six species of Iberian pines; - response of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels and Viburnum tinus L. 'Lucidum' to sea aerosol and surfactants under different environmental conditions; - response to salt stress in relation to the ways of apply salt in Photinia ×fraseri Dress 'Red Robin'. The trials conducted, different in objectives, methods, biological materials, have determined that: - screening is an important instrument to evaluate plant responses to a specific stress; however it is possible to find difference among cultivars of the same species; - in ornamental plants the parameters have to be able to describe the aesthetic value; for these reasons relevance acquired shoot dry weight, leaf area and above all percentage of leaf damage; - the physiological determinations (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis), especially if correlated each other, provide useful information on the mechanisms of stress damage; - the biochemical determinations, although expensive, may offer information about the mechanisms of action; - plant response to stress is related to environmental conditions: changes in photothermal complex influence the response of plant genotype; - the complex of stresses can sometimes intensify the plant damage, but it has not been always observed a synergic effect among stresses; - the response to a specific stress, such as salinity, changes according the different way to salt application: in Photinia, salt solution to the root system determined a greater damage than when salt was applied on the leaves; - the analysis on ion concentration (Na+ and Cl-) in plant tissues and the study of their translocation/compartmentalization has allowed to better understand the plant response to salt stress; - the analysis of stress may also represent an important approach to evaluate the global change effects. In conclusion, nevertheless the complexity of the topic, results obtained showed how the response to abiotic stress is deeply influenced by genotype. Moreover, in the ornamental plants, this variety let the research more difficult due to the huge biological potential. In this frame, the possibility to individuate a potentially quick, reliable and inexpensive procedure, that can provide a useful means of whole plant tolerance, assumes great interest.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/74857
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-74857