The theme of memory is subject of interest of different disciplinary sectors, like philosophy, human sciences and psychology, which contributed to enrich her meaning. It doesn t exist an ultimate definition about memory: we refers to her talking about remembering, when we act (procedural memory), when we tell our personal history. We have got a genetic memory; national holidays are expressions of a collective memory; and as Freud said, neurotics are sick of memories. What is memory, therefore? What are memories? Is there any difference between perceiving and remembering? What kind of relationship is there between memory and imagination? How many types of memory do exist? The narration of the past could it be considered as a necessary form of memory? From the ancient ages, the major philosophers asked about this fundamental function of human being, posing the basis for the future studies, made by psychologists in contemporary age. Cognitive neurosciences changed perspective, one more time, addressing analysis to the relationship body/mind and mind/nervous structures. Today researchers abandoned the ancient metaphor that imagined memory as a warehouse where accumulate series of experiences lived by the subject over his life: in the contemporary scenario, it is represented as an ensemble of interconnected functions. The memories that we save as past, don t remain always the same in the act of being recalled at memory, but it changes selected, analyzed and re-organized on the basis of the objectives and exigencies established by the present. Memory has sociological importance because it is sustained and ruled by collective memory: a social scene where collective representations, language, interpersonal relationships, etc., live together. The one of memory is not a search field totally cleared, today; but, seeing the efficacy of the contributes made from the different disciplines over time to this problematic, and the concrete possibility of a cooperation between them, we hope that research will join in future a comprehension complete of this human function, essential to his life.
Il tema della memoria umana è oggetto d’interesse di differenti discipline, quali la filosofia, le scienze umane e la psicologia le quali hanno contribuito ad arricchirne il significato. Non esiste una definizione precisa ed ultima della memoria: ci riferiamo a essa parlando di ricordi, quando compiamo azioni (memoria procedurale), quando raccontiamo la nostra storia. Possediamo una memoria genetica; le feste nazionali sono espressione di una memoria collettiva e come diceva Freud, i nevrotici sono ammalati di ricordi. Cos’è quindi la memoria? Cos’è il ricordo? Vi è differenza tra il percepire e il ricordare? Che rapporto c’è tra il ricordo e l’immaginazione? Esistono diversi tipi di memoria? Qual è il significato della memoria collettiva? La narrazione del passato può essere ritenuta una forma indispensabile di ricordo? Sin dall’antichità, i maggiori filosofi si sono posti l’interrogativo su questa fondamentale funzione, ponendo le basi di quella ricerca di cui poi si sarebbe occupata la psicologia in età contemporanea. Le neuroscienze cognitive hanno determinato un ulteriore cambiamento di prospettiva, indirizzando l’analisi principalmente sul rapporto mente/corpo, mente/strutture nervose. Oggi è stata abbandonata l’antica metafora che immaginava la memoria come un magazzino in cui potessero venire accumulate una serie di esperienze vissute dal soggetto nel corso della sua vita: nello scenario contemporaneo essa è rappresentata come un insieme di funzioni interconnesse. Ciò che introiettiamo come passato, non rimane sempre uguale a se stesso nell’atto di essere richiamato alla memoria ma muta selezionato, analizzato e riorganizzato in base agli obiettivi e alle esigenze stabilite dal presente. Il ricordo ha importanza sociologica in quanto sostenuto e regolato dalla memoria collettiva, ovvero da un quadro sociale in cui convivono le rappresentazioni collettive, il linguaggio, i rapporti interpersonali ecc. Quello della memoria non è un campo di ricerca del tutto chiarito ai nostri giorni, ma, vista l’efficacia dei contributi apportati dalle diverse discipline nel corso del tempo alla problematica, e la concreta possibilità di una cooperazione tra di esse, ci si auspica che la ricerca un giorno possa giungere ad una comprensione più completa di questa funzione essenziale per la vita dell’uomo.
Memoria e forme dell'esperienza: dalla filosofia alla psicologia
TORRISI, NADIA
2012
Abstract
The theme of memory is subject of interest of different disciplinary sectors, like philosophy, human sciences and psychology, which contributed to enrich her meaning. It doesn t exist an ultimate definition about memory: we refers to her talking about remembering, when we act (procedural memory), when we tell our personal history. We have got a genetic memory; national holidays are expressions of a collective memory; and as Freud said, neurotics are sick of memories. What is memory, therefore? What are memories? Is there any difference between perceiving and remembering? What kind of relationship is there between memory and imagination? How many types of memory do exist? The narration of the past could it be considered as a necessary form of memory? From the ancient ages, the major philosophers asked about this fundamental function of human being, posing the basis for the future studies, made by psychologists in contemporary age. Cognitive neurosciences changed perspective, one more time, addressing analysis to the relationship body/mind and mind/nervous structures. Today researchers abandoned the ancient metaphor that imagined memory as a warehouse where accumulate series of experiences lived by the subject over his life: in the contemporary scenario, it is represented as an ensemble of interconnected functions. The memories that we save as past, don t remain always the same in the act of being recalled at memory, but it changes selected, analyzed and re-organized on the basis of the objectives and exigencies established by the present. Memory has sociological importance because it is sustained and ruled by collective memory: a social scene where collective representations, language, interpersonal relationships, etc., live together. The one of memory is not a search field totally cleared, today; but, seeing the efficacy of the contributes made from the different disciplines over time to this problematic, and the concrete possibility of a cooperation between them, we hope that research will join in future a comprehension complete of this human function, essential to his life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/75482
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-75482