Apoptosis is considered the main form of cell death for insulin-producing beta-cells, both in type 1 (T1DM) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune form of disease, apoptosis results from a complex cascade of events triggered by exposure of pancreatic beta cells to several mediators of inflammation expressed or secreted by immune cells infiltrating islet of Langerhans during insulitis: proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IFNg and TNFa are among the main effectors of described events. Interestingly, cytotoxic effects exerted by cytokines are specifically targeted towards beta pancreatic cells; on the contrary, alpha pancreatic cells appear to be more resistant than beta to apoptosis induction by proinflammatory cytokines. Although proapoptotic pathways in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction have been extensively elucidated (even though not exaustively), the molecular bases of the differential response of both cell types to cytokines remain undetermined. For the first time, through a systemic experimental approach, we have investigated gene expression and biological roles of microRNAs and protein coding-genes in aTC1-6 and bTC1 treated with cytokines. Aim of the work has been: i) to describe the molecular mechanisms of alpha pancreatic cells resistance and beta pancreatic cells susceptibility to apoptosis upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IFNg e TNFa); ii) to identify new markers of beta cell dysfunction. Analysis of differential gene expression in aTC1-6 and bTC1 at steady state and after treatment with cytokines allowed our group to characterize the role of microRNAs 296-3p and 298-5p in alpha pancreatic cell resistance [Barbagallo D, Piro S, Condorelli AG et al. miR-296-3p, miR-298-5p and their downstream networks are causally involved in the higher resistance of mammalian pancreatic alpha cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis as compared to beta cells. BMC Genomics, 2013] and of transcription factor C/EBPa in beta pancreatic cell susceptibility to apoptosis induction by cytokines [Barbagallo D, Condorelli AG, Piro S et al. CEBPA exerts a specific and biologically important proapoptotic role in pancreatic beta cells through its downstream network targets. Mol Biol Cell, 2014]
L'apoptosi è considerata la forma principale di morte delle beta cellule pancreatiche produttrici di insulina nel Diabete mellito di tipo 1 (T1DM) e di tipo 2 (T2DM). Nel T1DM, la forma autoimmune della patologia, l'apoptosi è il risultato di una complessa cascata di eventi che inizia con l esposizione delle beta cellule pancreatiche a molecole citotossiche espresse o secrete dalle cellule del sistema immunitario ed infiltranti l isola del Langerhans nel corso dell insulite; tra le citochine pro-infiammatorie l IL-1b, l IFNg ed il TNFa rappresentano i principali effettori degli eventi descritti. E interessante notare come l'azione deleteria delle citochine sia specificatamente rivolta alle cellule beta pancreatiche, mentre le cellule alpha risultano più resistenti ai loro effetti citotossici. Sebbene le pathways proapoptotiche innescate dalle citochine nelle beta cellule siano state ampiamente (anche se non completamente descritte), i meccanismi molecolari alla base della risposta differenziale dei due tipi cellulari erano quasi del tutto inesplorati. Mediante un approccio sperimentale di tipo sistemico, per la prima volta abbiamo indagato il profilo di espressione e la funzione biologica di microRNA e geni codificanti per proteine in cellule aTC1-6 e bTC1 trattate con citochine proinfiammatorie, un sistema modello che mima in vitro lo stato infiammatorio cronico del Diabete Mellito. Scopo di questo lavoro è stato: (i) descrivere i meccanismi molecolari responsabili della resistenza delle cellule alpha pancreatiche e della suscettibilità della controparte beta cellulare all apoptosi indotta dalle citochine pro-infiammatorie (IL-1b, IFNg e TNFa); (ii) identificare nuovi marcatori beta cellulari di disfunzione. L analisi dell espressione genica differenziale nelle due linee cellulari in condizioni fisiologiche (steady state) e dopo trattamento con citochine ci ha permesso di caratterizzare il ruolo dei microRNA 296-3p e 298-5p nella resistenza all'apoptosi citochino-mediata delle cellule aTC1-6 [Barbagallo D, Piro S, Condorelli AG et al. miR-296-3p, miR-298-5p and their downstream networks are causally involved in the higher resistance of mammalian pancreatic alpha cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis as compared to beta cells. BMC Genomics, 2013] e del fattore trascrizionale C/EBPa nell apoptosi delle cellule bTC1 [Barbagallo D, Condorelli AG, Piro S et al. CEBPA exerts a specific and biologically important proapoptotic role in pancreatic beta cells through its downstream network targets. Mol Biol Cell, 2014].
Basi molecolari della differente risposta delle cellule alpha e beta del pancreas di mammifero all apoptosi mediata da citochine: implicazioni patogenetiche nel Diabete Mellito
CONDORELLI, ANGELO GIUSEPPE
2014
Abstract
Apoptosis is considered the main form of cell death for insulin-producing beta-cells, both in type 1 (T1DM) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune form of disease, apoptosis results from a complex cascade of events triggered by exposure of pancreatic beta cells to several mediators of inflammation expressed or secreted by immune cells infiltrating islet of Langerhans during insulitis: proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IFNg and TNFa are among the main effectors of described events. Interestingly, cytotoxic effects exerted by cytokines are specifically targeted towards beta pancreatic cells; on the contrary, alpha pancreatic cells appear to be more resistant than beta to apoptosis induction by proinflammatory cytokines. Although proapoptotic pathways in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction have been extensively elucidated (even though not exaustively), the molecular bases of the differential response of both cell types to cytokines remain undetermined. For the first time, through a systemic experimental approach, we have investigated gene expression and biological roles of microRNAs and protein coding-genes in aTC1-6 and bTC1 treated with cytokines. Aim of the work has been: i) to describe the molecular mechanisms of alpha pancreatic cells resistance and beta pancreatic cells susceptibility to apoptosis upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IFNg e TNFa); ii) to identify new markers of beta cell dysfunction. Analysis of differential gene expression in aTC1-6 and bTC1 at steady state and after treatment with cytokines allowed our group to characterize the role of microRNAs 296-3p and 298-5p in alpha pancreatic cell resistance [Barbagallo D, Piro S, Condorelli AG et al. miR-296-3p, miR-298-5p and their downstream networks are causally involved in the higher resistance of mammalian pancreatic alpha cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis as compared to beta cells. BMC Genomics, 2013] and of transcription factor C/EBPa in beta pancreatic cell susceptibility to apoptosis induction by cytokines [Barbagallo D, Condorelli AG, Piro S et al. CEBPA exerts a specific and biologically important proapoptotic role in pancreatic beta cells through its downstream network targets. Mol Biol Cell, 2014]File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/75625
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-75625