L-Asparaginase is a key drug in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL). It exerts its anti-leukaemic activity by depletion of asparagine, an essential aminoacid for lymphoblasts. There are two forms: from Escherichia coli and from Erwinia. The most severe complications related to using asparaginase there are allergic reactions, pancreatitis, deep vein thrombosis. Therefore it is mandatory to identify subjects, genetically determined, at higher risk of serious adverse events. Aims 1. To identify patients at higher risk of hypersensitivity to the formulation of L-asparaginase currently in use (pegylated product from E. coli - PEG-ASP) 2. To characterize the aminoacid profile of children with ALL undergoing therapy with L-Asp, during the phase of exposure to the drug. 3. Confirm the correlation between the HLA-DRB1 and the onset of complications post asparaginase. Materials and Methods From December 2010 to May 2016 we enrolled in the AIEOP LLA2009 protocol, 87 patients, 44 males (51%) and 43 (49%) females. We have collected and analyzed plasma from these patients at specific time-points, evaluated the aminoacid profile and studied HLA with particular reference to the locus DRB1, using sequencing thechnology. Results In our cohort we observed 18 (20.7%) adverse events: 13 allergic reactions (15%), 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (3.4%), 2 cases of pancreatitis (2.3%). With regard to the amino acid profile, they were highlighted low concentrations of asparagine at time-points +26 and +33. Among the 21 patients analyzed, 8 presented hyperphenylalaninaemia and 15 patients showed an increase of threonine at day + 26. The HLA typing of patients who presented an allergic reaction to asparaginase, showed that, 4 (30%) of 13 patients presented the haplotype DRB1 07. Conclusions Our data, according to recent studies, confirm the correlation between specific variables, as age, sex, immunophenotype and the occurrence of adverse events. Aminoacid profile confirm the reduced levels of asparagine and glutamine after drug administration as expected and show a modification pattern of other important aminoacids (phenylalanine and threonine) which significance has to be addressed. Our study also confirms the correlation between the presence haplotype HLADRB1 07 and ASP-related allergic reactions.
Abstract La L-Asparaginasi è un farmaco cardine nel trattamento della Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta (LLA). Essa esplica la propria attività antileucemica mediante la deplezione dell asparagina, aminoacido essenziale per i linfoblasti, che non sono capaci di sintetizzarlo. Esistono due forme: una di origine batterica (da Escherichia Coli) e una di origine vegetale (da Erwinia). Tra le complicanze più severe correlate all utilizzo dell asparaginasi vi sono le reazioni allergiche, la pancreatite, la trombosi venosa profonda. Di conseguenza diventa di fondamentale importanza identificare preventivamente i soggetti, geneticamente determinati, a più elevato rischio di eventi collaterali gravi. Obiettivi 1.Identificare i pazienti a più alto rischio d ipersensibilità alla formulazione di L-Asparaginasi attualmente in uso (Forma Peghilata da E. Coli PEG-ASP) 2. Caratterizzare il profilo aminoacidico dei bambini con LLA sottoposti a terapia con L-Asp, durante la fase di esposizione al farmaco. 3. Confermare la correlazione tra il locus HLA-DRB1 e l insorgenza di complicanze post Asparaginasi. Materiali e metodi: Da Dicembre 2010 a Maggio 2016 sono stati arruolati nel Protocollo AIEOP LLA2009, 87 pazienti, 44 maschi (51%) e 43 (49%) femmine. Abbiamo raccolto e analizzato il plasma di questi pazienti in specifici time-points, valutato il profilo aminoacidico e studiato l HLA con particolare riferimento al locus DRB1 mediante sequenziamento. Risultati: Nella popolazione esaminata si sono verificati 18 (20.7%) eventi avversi: 13 reazioni allergiche (15%), 3 casi di Trombosi Venosa Profonda (TVP) (3.4%), 2 casi di Pancreatite (2.3%). Relativamente al profilo aminoacidico, sono state evidenziate basse concentrazioni di asparagina ai time-points +26 e +33. Su 18 pazienti analizzati, 7 hanno presentato iperfenilalaninemia e 15 pazienti presentano un aumento della treonina al giorno + 26. La tipizzazione HLA a bassa risoluzione dei pazienti che hanno presentato una reazione allergica all asparaginasi ha mostrato i seguenti risultati, 4 (30%) su 13 pazienti presentavano l aplotipo DRB1 07. Conclusioni I nostri dati confermano la correlazione tra specifiche variabili, età, sesso, immunofenotipo e il verificarsi di eventi avversi. I profili amminoacidici studiati, per quanto il campione sia esiguo, confermano la riduzione dei livelli di asparagina e in parte anche della glutamina dopo la somministrazione del farmaco ed evidenziano un dato nuovo, cioè che l asparaginasi potrebbe in qualche modo influenzare il pattern di altri importanti aminoacidi (fenilalanina e treonina). Il nostro studio, in linea con la letteratura più recente, conferma inoltre, la correlazione tra la presenza dell aplotipo HLADRB1 07 e le reazioni allergiche ASP-correlate.
CARATTERIZZAZIONE GENOMICA DELL'HLA E DEL PATTERN AMINOACIDICO NEI BAMBINI AFFETTI DA LLA E TRATTATI CON L-ASPARAGINASI NEL PROTOCOLLO AIEOP-LLA 2009
CANNATA, EMANUELA
2017
Abstract
L-Asparaginase is a key drug in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL). It exerts its anti-leukaemic activity by depletion of asparagine, an essential aminoacid for lymphoblasts. There are two forms: from Escherichia coli and from Erwinia. The most severe complications related to using asparaginase there are allergic reactions, pancreatitis, deep vein thrombosis. Therefore it is mandatory to identify subjects, genetically determined, at higher risk of serious adverse events. Aims 1. To identify patients at higher risk of hypersensitivity to the formulation of L-asparaginase currently in use (pegylated product from E. coli - PEG-ASP) 2. To characterize the aminoacid profile of children with ALL undergoing therapy with L-Asp, during the phase of exposure to the drug. 3. Confirm the correlation between the HLA-DRB1 and the onset of complications post asparaginase. Materials and Methods From December 2010 to May 2016 we enrolled in the AIEOP LLA2009 protocol, 87 patients, 44 males (51%) and 43 (49%) females. We have collected and analyzed plasma from these patients at specific time-points, evaluated the aminoacid profile and studied HLA with particular reference to the locus DRB1, using sequencing thechnology. Results In our cohort we observed 18 (20.7%) adverse events: 13 allergic reactions (15%), 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (3.4%), 2 cases of pancreatitis (2.3%). With regard to the amino acid profile, they were highlighted low concentrations of asparagine at time-points +26 and +33. Among the 21 patients analyzed, 8 presented hyperphenylalaninaemia and 15 patients showed an increase of threonine at day + 26. The HLA typing of patients who presented an allergic reaction to asparaginase, showed that, 4 (30%) of 13 patients presented the haplotype DRB1 07. Conclusions Our data, according to recent studies, confirm the correlation between specific variables, as age, sex, immunophenotype and the occurrence of adverse events. Aminoacid profile confirm the reduced levels of asparagine and glutamine after drug administration as expected and show a modification pattern of other important aminoacids (phenylalanine and threonine) which significance has to be addressed. Our study also confirms the correlation between the presence haplotype HLADRB1 07 and ASP-related allergic reactions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/76727
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-76727