This project is focused on Oxaliplatin (OHP) Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (OIPN). This is a relevant clinical entity since it is one of the main limiting toxicities of the corner stone drug to treat colorectal cancer (one of the commonest neoplasms). OIPN consists of an acute and chronic syndrome. Acute OIPN is a transient state of axonal hyperexcitability (transient cold-induced paresthesia, cramps and jaw-spasms, lasting 24-72 hours after OHP administration). Acute OIPN has been linked to a transient channelopathy and there is a growing Literature showing that acute OIPN might predispose to chronic one. A pivotal role for sodium voltage-operated channels has been advocated for acute OIPN. Chronic OIPN is, instead, a disabling long-lasting sensory neuropathy: neuropathic pain and sensory loss at limb extremities are the main features. Chronic OIPN is detrimental for cancer survivor’s quality of life and there is no treatment for it. The aim of the project was to go back to the bench side to find a possible answer to this unmet clinical need. At a preclinical level, the possible causative correlation between the 2 syndromes was investigated. To fully characterize acute OIPN, in an in vivo rat model, Nerve Excitability Testing (NET) was used; this is an advanced and relatively new technique that allows to test, in vivo, ion conductances. At first a refinement of the animal model was obtained. Once ascertained changes at NET due to acute OIPN, topiramate was used as a tentative drug to decrease the state of axonal hyperexcitability; Topiramate was selected given its known pharmacodynamic properties affecting sodium voltage-operated channels. Topiramate was able to contain alterations due to acute OIPN; it was then tested if topiramate had effects on chronic OIPN too, thanks to its ability to decrease acute one. Data were rather promising: topiramate was able to fully prevent chronic neuropathy onset as demonstrated through nerve conduction studies, behavioral tests and neuropathology. Thus, a possible strategy to prevent both acute and chronic OIPN might be suggested, modulating sodium voltage operated channels. These findings have a high translational potential since selected outcome measures (nerve conduction studies and NET) are performed with the same devices/techniques used in clinical practice and topiramate is yet approved for clinical use (its main indications are epilepsy and migraine treatment).
Questo progetto riguarda la neurotossicità periferica conseguente alla somministrazione di Oxaliplatino (OINP). Si tratta di una entità clinicamente rilevante poiché OIPN è una delle tossicità dose limitanti per il trattamento del cancro del colon retto, una delle neoplasie più diffuse a livello globale. OIPN si manifesta nella forma di una sindrome acuta ed una cronica. La forma acuta consiste in uno stato transitorio di ipereccitabilità assonale (i pazienti riportano parestesie freddo-indotte, crampi, spasmo mandibolare nelle 24-72 ore dopo l’infusione del farmaco). Questa sindrome acuta è stata messa in relazione con una canalopatia funzionale ed una crescente letteratura suggerisce come la forma acuta sia un fattore predisponente quella cronica; un ruolo chiave è stato attribuito ai canali per il sodio voltaggio dipendenti. La forma cronica, invece, consiste in una neuropatia sensitiva persistente/di lunga durata: le principali caratteristiche cliniche sono perdita di sensibilità e dolore neuropatico alle estremità degli arti. Questa forma cronica impoverisce la qualità di vita dei pazienti che sopravvivono al cancro dato che non esiste attualmente una cura per tale condizione. L’obiettivo del progetto qui presentato è stato quello di tornare a livello preclinico per verificare la possibile relazione causale fra le due sindromi. Per caratterizzare in maniera efficace la forma acuta in un modello animale in vivo (ratto), è stata applicata una innovativa tecnica di neurofisiologia avanzata: i test di eccitabilità assonale (NET). NET permette di testare, in vivo, variazioni delle conduttanze ioniche. All’inizio del progetto il modello animale di OINP è stato raffinato affinché esprimesse l’intero spettro dei fenomeni di OIPN. Una volta verificato il profilo che la forma di OIPN acuta induce ai NET, topiramato è stato utilizzato come possibile farmaco neuroprotettore, contando sulla sua efficacia nel ridurre lo stato di ipereccitabilità assonale. Topiramato è stato, infatti, selezionato sulla base delle sue proprietà farmacodinamiche nei confronti proprio dei canali del sodio voltaggio dipendenti. In una prima fase si è dimostrato che topiramato è in grado di prevenire le modificazioni acute indotte da oxaliplatino a livello assonale. E’ stato quindi verificato se ridurre la forma di tossicità acuta potesse modificare la storia naturale di quella cronica: topiramato è stato in grado di prevenire completamente l’esordio di una neuropatia conclamata come dimostrato con gli studi di conduzione nervosa, i test comportamentali ed i riscontri neuropatologici. Pertanto, una possibile strategia per prevenire le forme acuta e cronica di OIPN potrebbe essere ora suggerita, modulando le conduttanze dei canali del sodio voltaggio dipendenti. Questi risultati hanno un profilo altamente traslazione poiché tutte le misure di outcome neurofisiologico sono direttamente mutuate dal contesto clinico ed i dati di questo progetto possono essere quindi prontamente riportati in un trial clinico; inoltre, topiramato è una molecola già impiegata per uso clinico (le sue indicazioni principali sono emicrania ed epilessia).
NERVE EXCITABILITY TESTING IN ANIMAL MODELS OF OXALIPLATIN INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROTOXICITY: ION CHANNEL DYSFUNCTION AS A POSSIBLE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM.
ALBERTI, PAOLA
2019
Abstract
This project is focused on Oxaliplatin (OHP) Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (OIPN). This is a relevant clinical entity since it is one of the main limiting toxicities of the corner stone drug to treat colorectal cancer (one of the commonest neoplasms). OIPN consists of an acute and chronic syndrome. Acute OIPN is a transient state of axonal hyperexcitability (transient cold-induced paresthesia, cramps and jaw-spasms, lasting 24-72 hours after OHP administration). Acute OIPN has been linked to a transient channelopathy and there is a growing Literature showing that acute OIPN might predispose to chronic one. A pivotal role for sodium voltage-operated channels has been advocated for acute OIPN. Chronic OIPN is, instead, a disabling long-lasting sensory neuropathy: neuropathic pain and sensory loss at limb extremities are the main features. Chronic OIPN is detrimental for cancer survivor’s quality of life and there is no treatment for it. The aim of the project was to go back to the bench side to find a possible answer to this unmet clinical need. At a preclinical level, the possible causative correlation between the 2 syndromes was investigated. To fully characterize acute OIPN, in an in vivo rat model, Nerve Excitability Testing (NET) was used; this is an advanced and relatively new technique that allows to test, in vivo, ion conductances. At first a refinement of the animal model was obtained. Once ascertained changes at NET due to acute OIPN, topiramate was used as a tentative drug to decrease the state of axonal hyperexcitability; Topiramate was selected given its known pharmacodynamic properties affecting sodium voltage-operated channels. Topiramate was able to contain alterations due to acute OIPN; it was then tested if topiramate had effects on chronic OIPN too, thanks to its ability to decrease acute one. Data were rather promising: topiramate was able to fully prevent chronic neuropathy onset as demonstrated through nerve conduction studies, behavioral tests and neuropathology. Thus, a possible strategy to prevent both acute and chronic OIPN might be suggested, modulating sodium voltage operated channels. These findings have a high translational potential since selected outcome measures (nerve conduction studies and NET) are performed with the same devices/techniques used in clinical practice and topiramate is yet approved for clinical use (its main indications are epilepsy and migraine treatment).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/77300
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-77300