This research deals with the birth and evolution of modern volcanology. It focuses on the 17th to the 20th centuries and traces the historical and theoretical roots of the discipline starting from the emergence of modern science. In volcanology, this transition has firstly been presented in Borelli's studies on the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the following centuries and specifically between 1631 and 1944, Vesuvius was in constant activity acquiring a prominent place in the observations and studies of naturalists and scientists, and continuosly providing continuous data useful for the development of the discipline. Volcanology is a really international discipline and has been fuelled by numerous scholars and their studies on numerous volcanoes around the planet. In addition, it has been set within broad scientific visions, which in the philosophy of science, can be identified as paradigms. Exemples are the 20th century Continental drift and Plate tectonics paradigms. Italian volcanoes have been an important reference point from classical antiquity up to the present day. Specifically, in the 20th century Etna became an important reference point thanks to an institute of international importance established by volcanologists such as Rittmann, Tazieff and Marinelli. In addition to the new institution, Rittmann brought with him the entire theoretical legacy of his cultural approach marked by interdisciplinarity and a unified vision in the geosciences. Identified as a paradigm under the name of Magmatological tectonics, Rittmann's approach initiated a new course of study that influenced Etnean, Italian and European volcanology. The work points out the crucial nodes of this new approach and the role that multidisciplinary volcanology played during the study of the 1971 eruption of Etna. From the reconstructed picture, an overall view of the general lines that have marked volcanology as a scientific discipline over the last three and a half centuries emerged.
Questa ricerca si occupa della nascita e dell’evoluzione della vulcanologia moderna. Dando uno sguardo dal Seicento al Novecento, si individuano le radici storiche e teoretiche della disciplina a partire dall’avvento della scienza moderna. In vulcanologia questo passaggio è segnato dagli studi di Borelli sull’eruzione etnea del 1670. Nei secoli successivi il Vesuvio, in continua attività tra il 1631 e il 1944, acquisterà un posto di rilievo nelle osservazioni e negli studi di naturalisti e scienziati, fornendo continui dati per l’avanzamento della disciplina. La vulcanologia è una disciplina veramente internazionale ed è stata alimentata da numerosi studiosi e dai loro studi su numerosi vulcani presenti sul pianeta. Oltre a ciò, essa si è impostata all’interno di ampie visioni scientifiche, identificabili in filosofia della scienza come paradigmi, che nel Novecento trovano esempi celebri nella Deriva dei continenti e nella Tettonica delle placche. I vulcani italiani hanno rappresentato un punto di riferimento importante dall’Antichità classica fino ai nostri giorni. In particolare, nel Novecento l’Etna diventerà un importante punto di riferimento grazie alla creazione di un istituto di importanza internazionale da parte di vulcanologi del calibro di Rittmann, Tazieff e Marinelli. Oltre alle nuove istituzioni, Rittmann porterà con sé tutto il portato teorico della sua impostazione culturale contrassegnata dall’interdisciplinarità e da una visione unitaria nelle geoscienze. Identificata come paradigma sotto il nome di Tettonica magmatologica, l’impostazione di Rittmann darà inizio ad un nuovo corso di studi che influenzerà la vulcanologia etnea, italiana ed europea. Nel lavoro sono segnalati i nodi cruciali di questo nuovo approccio e il ruolo che ebbe la vulcanologia multidisciplinare durante lo studio dell’eruzione etnea del 1971. Dal quadro ricostruito emerge una visione complessiva delle linee generali che hanno segnato la vulcanologia in quanto disciplina scientifica negli ultimi tre secoli e mezzo.
L'interpretazione dei vulcani e della loro attività. L’evoluzione della vulcanologia internazionale dalla modernità alla contemporaneità (secoli XVII-XX)
MUSUMECI, DANIELE
2023
Abstract
This research deals with the birth and evolution of modern volcanology. It focuses on the 17th to the 20th centuries and traces the historical and theoretical roots of the discipline starting from the emergence of modern science. In volcanology, this transition has firstly been presented in Borelli's studies on the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the following centuries and specifically between 1631 and 1944, Vesuvius was in constant activity acquiring a prominent place in the observations and studies of naturalists and scientists, and continuosly providing continuous data useful for the development of the discipline. Volcanology is a really international discipline and has been fuelled by numerous scholars and their studies on numerous volcanoes around the planet. In addition, it has been set within broad scientific visions, which in the philosophy of science, can be identified as paradigms. Exemples are the 20th century Continental drift and Plate tectonics paradigms. Italian volcanoes have been an important reference point from classical antiquity up to the present day. Specifically, in the 20th century Etna became an important reference point thanks to an institute of international importance established by volcanologists such as Rittmann, Tazieff and Marinelli. In addition to the new institution, Rittmann brought with him the entire theoretical legacy of his cultural approach marked by interdisciplinarity and a unified vision in the geosciences. Identified as a paradigm under the name of Magmatological tectonics, Rittmann's approach initiated a new course of study that influenced Etnean, Italian and European volcanology. The work points out the crucial nodes of this new approach and the role that multidisciplinary volcanology played during the study of the 1971 eruption of Etna. From the reconstructed picture, an overall view of the general lines that have marked volcanology as a scientific discipline over the last three and a half centuries emerged.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/77538
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-77538