Nowadays, there is a wide recognition on global water stress for several reasons, and a real crisis is specially occurring due to unbalanced and ineffective water resources allocation. In this sense, there is an urgent need to prove, adopt and promote, suitable and reliable integrated water management plans. Decentralized water treatment facilities (DWTFs) have been described as one of the best practices (BMPs) for effective water management programs in the circular economy framework. Under this perspective, recovery and reuse of valuable resources, water in primis, are identified and strongly pursued. In this sense, all types of water resources, even unconventional water resource like wastewater (e.g. civil, industrial, agricultural etc.), can be considered valuable to easy the exploitation of freshwater supply and to make more resilient cities in the next future. At the light of that, this thesis aims at: (i) analyzing main reasons related to the water crisis, describing pros and cons of the most commonly used DWTFs, providing a general evaluation on water reuse scenario and an insight of principal issues and barriers still hindering the water reuse practice, with a special focus on Italy; (ii) promoting strategic approaches and solutions in water resources management of semi-arid areas; (iii) evaluating constructed wetlands (CWs) as reliable and viable DWTFs for unconventional water recovery and reuse in Mediterranean climate; (iv) increasing knowledge on hydraulic performance of horizontal flow (HF) CWs and general treatment efficiency of hybrid-CWs, with different design and applications. Main findings concern: (i) the validation of a GIS-based decision support system (DSS) for assessing the effective potential of treated wastewater (TW) reuse, in Sicily; (ii) the feasibility of TW reuse in Sicily, even if limited by unfair normative and ineffective local governance; (iii) experimental evidences on the viability of hybrid-CWs as DWTFs for different applications and operation modalities (i.e. alternative treatment of two types of WW, highly different in terms of nutrient-richness); (iv) the optimization of hydraulic monitoring of HF units, both by combining different methodologies, and defining an easy and precise methodology for Ks estimation through the falling head test, for clogging evaluation.
Al giorno d'oggi sono molte le problematiche connesse al tema della carenza idrica. Queste principalmente riguardano una distribuzione disomogenea e inefficace delle risorse idriche. Il trattamento e il recupero delle acque reflue tramite sistemi decentralizzati può considerarsi, a tal proposito, una delle migliori pratiche per una gestione integrata delle risorse idriche nell’ottica dell’economia circolare. In questa prospettiva, il recupero e il riutilizzo di risorse preziose, l'acqua in primis, sono stati individuati e devono essere perseguiti. Alla luce di tali considerazioni, il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di: (i) esaminare le principali cause legate alla crisi idrica, descrivendo pro e contro dei sistemi di trattamento decentralizzati; (ii) valutare il potenziale riuso delle acque reflue e le principali barriere che ne ostacolano un’applicazione a scala reale, con particolare attenzione al caso dell’Italia; (ii) promuovere approcci strategici nella gestione delle risorse idriche delle aree semi-aride; (iii) valutare l’efficienza di trattamento di impianti di fitodepurazione come infrastrutture decentralizzate affidabili per il trattamento e riuso delle acque non convenzionali nelle tipiche condizioni di clima mediterraneo; (iv) accrescere le conoscenze sulle prestazioni idrauliche di impianti di fitodepurazione a flusso orizzontale e dell'efficienza di trattamento di impianti ibridi, diversi per tipologie e campi di applicazione. I principali risultati ottenuti riguardano: (i) l’implementazione di un sistema di supporto decisionale basato su piattaforma GIS, per valutare il potenziale reale di riutilizzo delle TW, in Sicilia; (ii) la conferma delle potenzialità del riuso delle acque reflue in Sicilia, sebbene limitata da normative inadeguate; (iii) le evidenze sperimentali sull’ affidabilità di impianti di fitodepurazione ibridi come sistemi decentralizzati utilizzati per diverse applicazioni; (iv) la messa a punto di una metodologia speditiva per la stima della conducibilità idraulica a saturazione.
Constructed wetlands as reliable decentralized systems for wastewater treatment and reuse in the Mediterranean area: main issues and concerns
VENTURA, DELIA
2020
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a wide recognition on global water stress for several reasons, and a real crisis is specially occurring due to unbalanced and ineffective water resources allocation. In this sense, there is an urgent need to prove, adopt and promote, suitable and reliable integrated water management plans. Decentralized water treatment facilities (DWTFs) have been described as one of the best practices (BMPs) for effective water management programs in the circular economy framework. Under this perspective, recovery and reuse of valuable resources, water in primis, are identified and strongly pursued. In this sense, all types of water resources, even unconventional water resource like wastewater (e.g. civil, industrial, agricultural etc.), can be considered valuable to easy the exploitation of freshwater supply and to make more resilient cities in the next future. At the light of that, this thesis aims at: (i) analyzing main reasons related to the water crisis, describing pros and cons of the most commonly used DWTFs, providing a general evaluation on water reuse scenario and an insight of principal issues and barriers still hindering the water reuse practice, with a special focus on Italy; (ii) promoting strategic approaches and solutions in water resources management of semi-arid areas; (iii) evaluating constructed wetlands (CWs) as reliable and viable DWTFs for unconventional water recovery and reuse in Mediterranean climate; (iv) increasing knowledge on hydraulic performance of horizontal flow (HF) CWs and general treatment efficiency of hybrid-CWs, with different design and applications. Main findings concern: (i) the validation of a GIS-based decision support system (DSS) for assessing the effective potential of treated wastewater (TW) reuse, in Sicily; (ii) the feasibility of TW reuse in Sicily, even if limited by unfair normative and ineffective local governance; (iii) experimental evidences on the viability of hybrid-CWs as DWTFs for different applications and operation modalities (i.e. alternative treatment of two types of WW, highly different in terms of nutrient-richness); (iv) the optimization of hydraulic monitoring of HF units, both by combining different methodologies, and defining an easy and precise methodology for Ks estimation through the falling head test, for clogging evaluation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi di dottorato - VENTURA DELIA 20191129194949.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
3.66 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.66 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/77658
URN:NBN:IT:UNICT-77658