The three years PhD was intended to study, design and develop Environmental Decision Support Systems aiming at addressing some of the challenges that the introduction of chemical substances in agriculture poses to the environment and ultimately to human beings. Developed tools contain the main features an EDSS should expose: they define a finite domain where main environmental variables and parameters are described at the finest level; they rely on expert knowledge which describe the environmental processes by the means of expert judgements or environmental models; they represent processes at territorial level by the means of geographical information systems (GIS) and linked spatial databases; they can be used for planning, evaluating and optimising scenarios, hence they could be used to test the efficacy of policies, to evaluate the actual scenarios or to evaluate situations in the past. The first EDSS developed was ValorE, an expert system for the valorisation of manure from livestock with the clear objective to reduce the high values of nitrogen at the field in Lombardy region. Further, the EDSS VULPES for the identification of groundwater vulnerable areas to chemical substances has been implemented, taking advantage of actual modelling tools from the FOCUS workgroup coupled with GIS. Moreover, we developed a new methodology (moni-modelling approach) for the identification of vulnerable areas to chemical substances which couples modelling results from VULPES EDSS and existing monitoring data from public authorities. Again, VULPES has been coupled with the ValorE expert system in order to analyse the environmental fate of veterinary medicine products in the groundwater. Finally, we developed a new indicator to evaluate the impact of vineyard management practices in a perspective of farm sustainability.
Durante il corso di di dottorato abbiamo progettato, sviluppato e testato alcuni Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni in campo Ambientale (EDSS - Environmental Decision Support System) al fine di affrontare alcune sfide che l'introduzione di sostanze chimiche in agricoltura pone all'ambiente e, alla fine, agli esseri umani. Gli strumenti sviluppati contengono le principali caratteristiche di un generico EDSS: definiscono un dominio confinato dove le variabili ed i parametri ambientali sono descritti al più dettagliato livello possibile; incorporano expert knowledge che descrive i processi ambientali attraverso valutazioni di esperti o analisi modellistiche; rappresentano i processi ambientali con implicazioni territoriali attraverso GIS (Geographical Information System) e database spaziali collegati; possono essere usati su scenari di pianificazione, valutazione e ottimizzazione, e quindi possono essere usati per valutare l'efficacia di politiche future, gli scenari attuali o situazioni nel passato. Il primo EDSS sviluppato è stato ValorE, un sistema esperto per la valorizzazione degli effluenti di allevamento con il chiaro obiettivo di ridurre gli alti valori di azoto al campo nella regione Lombardia. Successivamente, è stato sviluppato lo EDSS VULPES (Vulnerability to Pesticide) per l'identificazione di aree vulnerabili per le acquie sotterranee alle sostanze chimiche, utilizzando modelli del gruppo FOCUS accoppiati con tecnologia GIS. Inoltre, VULPES è stato applicato alla valutazione del destino dei fitofarmaci insieme a dati di monitoraggio ottenuti da autorità pubbliche, ponendo le basi così per una nuova metodologia (approccio moni-modelling) per l'identificazione di aree vulnerabili. Ancora, VULPES è stato accoppiato al sistema esperto ValorE al fine di analizzare il destino ambientale dei farmaci veterinari nelle acque sotterranee. Infine, abbiamo sviluppato un nuovo indicatore per valutare l'impatto delle pratiche gestionali della vigna in una prospettiva di sostenibilità aziendale.
Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) for risk management of chemicals in agriculture
DI GUARDO, ANDREA
2017
Abstract
The three years PhD was intended to study, design and develop Environmental Decision Support Systems aiming at addressing some of the challenges that the introduction of chemical substances in agriculture poses to the environment and ultimately to human beings. Developed tools contain the main features an EDSS should expose: they define a finite domain where main environmental variables and parameters are described at the finest level; they rely on expert knowledge which describe the environmental processes by the means of expert judgements or environmental models; they represent processes at territorial level by the means of geographical information systems (GIS) and linked spatial databases; they can be used for planning, evaluating and optimising scenarios, hence they could be used to test the efficacy of policies, to evaluate the actual scenarios or to evaluate situations in the past. The first EDSS developed was ValorE, an expert system for the valorisation of manure from livestock with the clear objective to reduce the high values of nitrogen at the field in Lombardy region. Further, the EDSS VULPES for the identification of groundwater vulnerable areas to chemical substances has been implemented, taking advantage of actual modelling tools from the FOCUS workgroup coupled with GIS. Moreover, we developed a new methodology (moni-modelling approach) for the identification of vulnerable areas to chemical substances which couples modelling results from VULPES EDSS and existing monitoring data from public authorities. Again, VULPES has been coupled with the ValorE expert system in order to analyse the environmental fate of veterinary medicine products in the groundwater. Finally, we developed a new indicator to evaluate the impact of vineyard management practices in a perspective of farm sustainability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/78134
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMIB-78134