Pressure for innovation, globalization, need to work quickly, international competition, adaptability and flexibility: these are complex days for organizations. Internalizing, then, the normality of investments, the development and implementation of intangible resources and of human resources, to obtain profitable results, we obtain an increasingly complex picture. This is the primary objective of this work: to study the world of connections that exist between managing people in companies and obtaining better results. If concerning organizations there is an incessable and frightening increase in complexity, on the side of the academy there is a real intellectual crisis, of position. The scientific impulse towards the deep understanding of themes from immaterial nuances, towards the statistical and unifying research of links with the characteristics of causality and the almost emotional desire to freely use the concepts related to human capital, intellectual capital, intangibles goods and their connection with performance, has created divergent thoughts and has seen the application of models whose conceptual limitations upstream affect the universal applicability. Although this was - and is - a fertile ground for confrontation rather than a motive for harmony, Becker et al., in 1998, brought the human being into the center of strategic models aimed to obtaining better performances; thus, they formalized the concept of connection between the good practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) and organizational performance (P). The theory and practice then defined this concept HRM-P Link. Sons of productivity, of competition and of the need to cut costs, we are, however, more and more burdened by rational systems of measurement, which, in its infinite logical dimensions, takes the form of the common practice of applying a deeply rooted scientific approach in the sense of «causality as regularity». It is precisely in this moment that we reach a limit and set problems related to rationality, causality, the dimension of the boundaries within which to operate and the definition of what is accessed first and what happens then. This work does not pretend to solve the issues related to the debate of the HRM-P Link, nor to cut the Gordian knot that afflicts it. On the contrary, this work is inserted in a precise context, defines its boundaries, analyzes nuances and marries critical and qualitative thoughts. To adhere to the immaterial line of thought of qualitative measurement and of the research for connections and «over-connections» does not mean, however, to deviate from the rationality and reliability of data and measurements; reading real facts with the eye of qualitative critique provides a different idea on which to base analyzes aimed at making the thoughts more homogeneous. In this context, it is married the purist principle, critical in its spirit, according to which constant relations, from the scientific point of view, are not sufficient to explain or establish causal links. The idea that such links must be found in the world of the immaterial link to the deep meanings, to the mechanisms, to the powers and to the tendencies, is rooted to the point of directing the analysis into a precise logical and rational context. This, then, the specific objective of this work: to support the empirical research on HRM-P Link to become even more rational, to ground their empirical evidence, their numbers, in the qualitative sea made of connections that are not found, or showing a weak correlation. Explaining the relationship between HRM and performance thus becomes an act of general understanding of organizational, strategic and managerial dynamics. An act in which empirical research does not conflict with social and qualitative research, but rather integrates it to generate all-encompassing theories.
Pressione all’innovazione, globalizzazione, necessità di lavorare velocemente, concorrenza internazionale, logiche di adattabilità e flessibilità: questi sono giorni complessi per le organizzazioni. Interiorizzando, poi, la normalità degli investimenti, dello sviluppo e dell’implementazione delle risorse immateriali e delle risorse umane, per ottenere risultati profittevoli, si ottiene un quadro sempre più complesso. Questo l’obiettivo primario del presente lavoro: studiare il mondo delle connessioni che esistono tra gestione delle persone in azienda ed ottenimento di migliori risultati. Se dal lato delle organizzazioni si assiste ad un incessabile e spaventoso aumento della complessità, dal lato dell’accademia si assiste ad una vera e propria crisi intellettuale, di posizione. La pulsione scientifica verso la comprensione profonda di temi da sfumature immateriali, verso la ricerca statistica ed unificante di collegamenti con le caratteristiche della causalità e la voglia, quasi emotiva, di poter utilizzare liberamente i concetti legati al capitale umano, al capitale intellettuale, ai beni intangibili e alla loro connessione con le performance aziendali, ha creato pensieri divergenti ed ha visto l’applicazione di modelli le cui limitazioni concettuali a monte ne inficiano l’applicabilità universale. Sebbene questo sia stato – ed è – un fertile terreno di scontro piuttosto che un motivo di armonia, Becker et al., nel 1998, hanno portato l’uomo al centro dei modelli strategici tesi all’ottenimento di migliori performance; hanno formalizzato, così, il concetto di connessione tra le buone prassi dello Human Resource Management (HRM) e la performance organizzativa (P). La teorica e la pratica, poi, hanno definito tale concetto HRM-P Link. Figli della produttività, della competizione e della necessità di tagliare costi, assistiamo, però, sempre più all’incardinarsi su sistemi razionali di misurazione, che, nelle sue infinite dimensioni logiche, prende le vesti della pratica comune dell’applicazione di un approccio scientifico radicato nell’accezione di «causalità come regolarità». È proprio in questo momento che si arriva ad un limite e si pongono problemi legati alla razionalità, alla causalità, alla dimensione dei confini entro cui operare e alla definizione di ciò che accede prima e ciò che accade poi. Questo lavoro non ha la pretesa di risolvere le questioni legate al dibattito proprio dello HRM-P Link, né tantomeno di tagliare il nodo gordiano che lo affligge. Al contrario, questo lavoro si inserisce in un contesto preciso, definisce i suoi confini, analizza sfumature e sposa pensieri critici e qualitativi. Aderire alla linea di pensiero immateriale della misurazione qualitativa e della ricerca di connessioni «sovra-connessioni» non vuol dire, comunque, discostarsi dalla razionalità e dall’affidabilità dei dati e delle misurazioni; leggere fatti reali con l’occhio della critica qualitativa fornisce uno spunto diverso sul quale fondare analisi volte a rendere i pensieri più omogenei. In questo ambito, è sposato il principio purista, di stampo critical, secondo cui relazioni costanti, dal punto di vista scientifico, non sono sufficienti per spiegare o stabilire nessi causali. L’idea che tali nessi debbano essere trovati nel mondo dell’immateriale legato ai significati profondi, ai meccanismi, ai poteri ed alle tendenze, è radicato fino al punto da indirizzare l’analisi in un preciso conteso logico e razionale. Questo, quindi, l’obiettivo specifico del presente lavoro: sostenere la ricerca empirica sullo HRM-P Link a divenire ancora più razionale, a radicare le proprie prove empiriche, i propri numeri, nel mare qualitativo fatto di connessioni che non si trovano, ovvero che mostrano una correlazione debole. Spiegare la relazione tra HRM e performance diviene, così, un atto di comprensione generale di dinamiche organizzative, strategiche e manageriali. Un atto in cui la ricerca empirica non contrasta con quella sociale e qualitativa, bensì vi si integra per generare teorie omnicomprensive.
HRM, prassi e performance organizzativa: collegamenti invisibili. Un approccio critico.
CERIMELE, Alberto
2018
Abstract
Pressure for innovation, globalization, need to work quickly, international competition, adaptability and flexibility: these are complex days for organizations. Internalizing, then, the normality of investments, the development and implementation of intangible resources and of human resources, to obtain profitable results, we obtain an increasingly complex picture. This is the primary objective of this work: to study the world of connections that exist between managing people in companies and obtaining better results. If concerning organizations there is an incessable and frightening increase in complexity, on the side of the academy there is a real intellectual crisis, of position. The scientific impulse towards the deep understanding of themes from immaterial nuances, towards the statistical and unifying research of links with the characteristics of causality and the almost emotional desire to freely use the concepts related to human capital, intellectual capital, intangibles goods and their connection with performance, has created divergent thoughts and has seen the application of models whose conceptual limitations upstream affect the universal applicability. Although this was - and is - a fertile ground for confrontation rather than a motive for harmony, Becker et al., in 1998, brought the human being into the center of strategic models aimed to obtaining better performances; thus, they formalized the concept of connection between the good practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) and organizational performance (P). The theory and practice then defined this concept HRM-P Link. Sons of productivity, of competition and of the need to cut costs, we are, however, more and more burdened by rational systems of measurement, which, in its infinite logical dimensions, takes the form of the common practice of applying a deeply rooted scientific approach in the sense of «causality as regularity». It is precisely in this moment that we reach a limit and set problems related to rationality, causality, the dimension of the boundaries within which to operate and the definition of what is accessed first and what happens then. This work does not pretend to solve the issues related to the debate of the HRM-P Link, nor to cut the Gordian knot that afflicts it. On the contrary, this work is inserted in a precise context, defines its boundaries, analyzes nuances and marries critical and qualitative thoughts. To adhere to the immaterial line of thought of qualitative measurement and of the research for connections and «over-connections» does not mean, however, to deviate from the rationality and reliability of data and measurements; reading real facts with the eye of qualitative critique provides a different idea on which to base analyzes aimed at making the thoughts more homogeneous. In this context, it is married the purist principle, critical in its spirit, according to which constant relations, from the scientific point of view, are not sufficient to explain or establish causal links. The idea that such links must be found in the world of the immaterial link to the deep meanings, to the mechanisms, to the powers and to the tendencies, is rooted to the point of directing the analysis into a precise logical and rational context. This, then, the specific objective of this work: to support the empirical research on HRM-P Link to become even more rational, to ground their empirical evidence, their numbers, in the qualitative sea made of connections that are not found, or showing a weak correlation. Explaining the relationship between HRM and performance thus becomes an act of general understanding of organizational, strategic and managerial dynamics. An act in which empirical research does not conflict with social and qualitative research, but rather integrates it to generate all-encompassing theories.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/78797
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMOL-78797