Public Administrations have been involved in a managerial transformation implemented above all through legislation; in fact, since the 1990s, many laws have stressed the times and the tools to realize in each Administration new paths of managerial innovation. At the base of the continuous legislative changes, still in progress, there is the need to implement a more efficient and effective use of public resources that are becoming more limited. In this regard, several scholars such as Anselmi (1995), Meneguzzo and Rebora (1990), Mussari (2002), Borgonovi (2005) have pointed out that the economic perspective is the necessary prerequisite to cut down the problem of public resources scarcity. In light of these considerations, the work is structured as follows. The first part aims at analyzing the “New Public Management” and the “Public Governance” which are the paradigms that have emphasized the adoption in the public sector of the principles of economy, transparency and accountability, encouraging a new relationship between Public Administrations and citizens. Considering the above mentioned aspects, in the second part the attention is focused on the change affecting public Universities which are analyzed as companies that present the corporate characteristics of a systemic coordination, autonomy and durability. In this context, the goal is to highlight how the various reforms have encouraged managerial direction of public Universities. To achieve this purpose, the chapter illustrates the reform of governance bodies, the new financing performance–based mechanisms and the transition from cash basis accounting to accrual basis accounting that have promoted, at least potentially, a new form of programming. Finally, the last part was furthered developed considering strategic planning and performance programming. To clarify this aims, literature review was examined to highlight what are the characteristics that performance plans should present to be considered managerial tools and the empirical research was conducted to find out their real programmatic value. In particular, this study was carried out about the Performance Integrated Plans published on the website by the small Universities characterized by a maximum of ten thousand enrolled students. At the end some critical reflections about managerial nature of the examined documents were carried out with the aim of enriching the scientific debate developed only in recent years. The topic analyzed is very recent, in fact the ANVUR has declared to issue new guidelines with the aim of supporting the Universities to make the Integrated Plan an economic document. So this event will certainly open the way for new future research prospects.
Le Pubbliche Amministrazioni (PA) sono da tempo coinvolte in un processo di miglioramento attuato e voluto soprattutto per via normativa; infatti, a partire dagli anni Novanta si sono susseguiti molteplici provvedimenti legislativi che hanno scandito i tempi, le modalità di attuazione e gli strumenti da introdurre in ciascuna PA per realizzare nuovi percorsi di innovazione. Alla base dei continui mutamenti legislativi, tutt’ora in atto, vi è l’improrogabile necessità di attuare un uso più efficiente ed efficace delle risorse pubbliche che sono sempre più limitate. A tal proposito, diversi studiosi tra cui: Anselmi (1995), Meneguzzo e Rebora (1990), Mussari (2002), Borgonovi (2005) hanno evidenziato come la prospettiva economico–aziendale che trova centralità nella conduzione economica dell’azienda, rappresenti il presupposto necessario per far fronte al problema della scarsità delle risorse pubbliche. Premesso ciò, la prima parte della tesi ha l’obiettivo di analizzare il percorso di aziendalizzazione delle Pubbliche Amministrazioni; a tal proposito sono approfonditi i paradigmi teorici del New Public Management e della Public Governance che hanno enfatizzato la gestione delle aziende pubbliche secondo i principi di economicità, trasparenza ed accountability promuovendo una nuova relazione con la comunità amministrata. Nella seconda parte della tesi l’attenzione è posta sulle Università statali, quali Pubbliche Amministrazioni che sono inquadrate come aziende poiché presentano i caratteri aziendali di coordinazione sistemica, autonomia e durabilità. In tale ambito l’obiettivo è evidenziare come le diverse riforme che si sono succedute nel tempo hanno incentivato una gestione manageriale degli Atenei statali. A tal proposito è approfondita la riforma degli organi di governance, il meccanismo di finanziamento performance-based funding e il nuovo sistema contabile e di Bilancio evidenziando come il passaggio dalla contabilità finanziaria alla contabilità patrimoniale abbia, almeno potenzialmente, rinnovato il processo di programmazione. Nell’ultima parte è stato approfondito lo sviluppo della pianificazione strategica e della performance che ha comportato l’adozione da parte delle Università statali dei Piani strategici triennali e dei Piani Integrati della Performance. A tal proposito, dopo aver condotto l’analisi della recente letteratura per evidenziare quali sono le caratteristiche che i Piani della performance dovrebbero presentare per essere considerati strumenti manageriali, è stata condotta la ricerca empirica per scoprire la loro reale valenza programmatica. In particolare, sono stati analizzati i Piani Integrati della performance pubblicati sul sito web dalle Università statali considerate dal Censis di piccole dimensioni in quanto caratterizzate da massimo diecimila iscritti. A conclusione del lavoro sono state svolte alcune riflessioni critiche sulla natura manageriale dei documenti esaminati con l’obiettivo di arricchire il dibattito scientifico sviluppato solo negli ultimi anni. Infine, si sottolinea che il tema analizzato è molto recente, infatti l’ANVUR ha dichiarato di emanare nuove linee guida con l’obiettivo di supportare gli Atenei a rendere il Piano Integrato un documento di programmazione economica. Ciò aprirà sicuramente la strada a nuove prospettive future di ricerca.
Verso una gestione manageriale delle università statali. La programmazione economica attraverso i Piani Integrati della Performance: primi risultati di una ricerca empirica
DI CARLO, Stefania
2019
Abstract
Public Administrations have been involved in a managerial transformation implemented above all through legislation; in fact, since the 1990s, many laws have stressed the times and the tools to realize in each Administration new paths of managerial innovation. At the base of the continuous legislative changes, still in progress, there is the need to implement a more efficient and effective use of public resources that are becoming more limited. In this regard, several scholars such as Anselmi (1995), Meneguzzo and Rebora (1990), Mussari (2002), Borgonovi (2005) have pointed out that the economic perspective is the necessary prerequisite to cut down the problem of public resources scarcity. In light of these considerations, the work is structured as follows. The first part aims at analyzing the “New Public Management” and the “Public Governance” which are the paradigms that have emphasized the adoption in the public sector of the principles of economy, transparency and accountability, encouraging a new relationship between Public Administrations and citizens. Considering the above mentioned aspects, in the second part the attention is focused on the change affecting public Universities which are analyzed as companies that present the corporate characteristics of a systemic coordination, autonomy and durability. In this context, the goal is to highlight how the various reforms have encouraged managerial direction of public Universities. To achieve this purpose, the chapter illustrates the reform of governance bodies, the new financing performance–based mechanisms and the transition from cash basis accounting to accrual basis accounting that have promoted, at least potentially, a new form of programming. Finally, the last part was furthered developed considering strategic planning and performance programming. To clarify this aims, literature review was examined to highlight what are the characteristics that performance plans should present to be considered managerial tools and the empirical research was conducted to find out their real programmatic value. In particular, this study was carried out about the Performance Integrated Plans published on the website by the small Universities characterized by a maximum of ten thousand enrolled students. At the end some critical reflections about managerial nature of the examined documents were carried out with the aim of enriching the scientific debate developed only in recent years. The topic analyzed is very recent, in fact the ANVUR has declared to issue new guidelines with the aim of supporting the Universities to make the Integrated Plan an economic document. So this event will certainly open the way for new future research prospects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/78856
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMOL-78856